Hyphaene dichotoma (D.White bis ex Nimmo) Furtado

hy-FEN-ay-ee or HY-fen-ay -- Greek: meaning woven; referring to the fibers on the fruit ... Dave's Botanary
dy-KAW-toh-muh -- meaning branching, divided or forked in pairs ... Dave's Botanary

commonly known as: branching palm, Indian doum palm, hoka tree, oka-mundel (archaic name) • Gujarati: દીવતાડ divtaad, હોકાતાડ hokaataad, માકાંબેરુ makamberu (archaic name), રાવણતાડ raavan taad • Konkani: रावण माड raavan maad • Marathi: रावण ताड raavan taad, रावण ताल raavan taal

botanical names: Hyphaene dichotoma (D.White bis ex Nimmo) Furtado ... homotypic synonyms: Borassus dichotomus D.White bis ex Nimmo ... heterotypic synonyms: Hyphaene indica Becc. • Hyphaene taprobanica Furtado ... POWO, retrieved 15 January 2026

Bibliography / etymology

Links listed as references in the notes below, may not remain valid permanently. Portals / websites have a tendency to re-organize / revise their content, leading to change in URLs of pages in their site. Some sites may even close down at their own will. The bits about the languages of India mentioned below are merely some bare facts gathered from the internet; just enough to satisfy curiosity about "where" could the listed names be best prevalent in India. All English transliterated names to be taken sensu amplo.

~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~

written and spoken widely, in most parts of India

branching palm, Indian doum palm

• Marselin R Almeida, Naresh Chaturvedi - Trees of Mumbai - Bombay Natural History Society (1st Ed. 2006)

hoka tree

• Flowers of India, retrieved January 15, 2026
• Hoka Tree - Experiencing Diu - Through the Eyes of RA ... (accessed: Jan 15, 2026)
• or hoka palm tree ... Hoka palm trees - Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) Division - ICH Archive ... (accessed: Jan 15, 2026)
• Google's AI Overview about this name's etymology:
  1. While often used simply as a proper name for the species, in some local Gujarati contexts, the word hoka (or hokka) can colloquially refer to something that is "crazy" or "mad", likely referring to the tree's unusual and irregular branching pattern which distinguishes it from typical straight-trunked palms.
  2. This name in all probability, named for the Okhamandal region (tip of the Saurashtra peninsula near Dwarka), which is a native habitat for this palm.

oka-mundel (archaic name)

• John Graham · 1839 · A Catalogue of the Plants Growing in Bombay and Its Vicinity - Government Press ... (accessed: Jan 15, 2026)
• Google's AI Overview about this name: Oka-mundel is an historically documented local name, found in early botanical texts like those from the 19th century, it is rarely used by locals today. It is likely derived from the Okhamandal region (tip of the Saurashtra peninsula near Dwarka), which is a native habitat for this palm.

~~~~~ GUJARATI ~~~~~

written in: Gujarati (ગુજરાતી) ... spoken in: Gujarat, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu

દીવતાડ div taad, રાવણતાડ raavan taad

• Biological Diversity of Gujarat - published by Gujarat Ecology Commission ... (accessed on: Dec 16, 2020)
• Amar Shri Ratilal P. Chandaria's Gujarati Lexicon - the most comprehensive Gujarati language resource ... (accessed: Jan 15, 2026)

હોકાતાડ hokaataad

• Amar Shri Ratilal P. Chandaria's Gujarati Lexicon - the most comprehensive Gujarati language resource ... (accessed: Jan 15, 2026)
• This name in all probability, named for the Okhamandal region (tip of the Saurashtra peninsula near Dwarka), which is a native habitat for this palm.

માકાંબેરુ makamberu (archaic name, was prevalent in Daman)

• Sheshagiri Rao Rolla (1970) The Doum Palms in India ... (accessed: Jan 15, 2026)
• Google's AI Overview about this name's etymology:
  1. The name makamberu is almost certainly of Swahili (East African) origin, brought to the Indian coast via the Portuguese maritime trade routes.
  2. Daman and Diu were key nodes in the Portuguese State of India (Estado da Índia), which heavily traded with Mozambique and the East African coast. It is highly probable that African sailors or the Siddi community (Indians of African descent) brought both the seeds and the original African name to Daman.

~~~~~ KONKANI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (कोंकणी) / Kannada (ಕೊಂಕಣಿ) / Malayalam (കൊങ്കണി) / Perso-Arabic (کونکنی) / Romi (Konknni) ... spoken in: Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala, Gujarat

रावण माड raavan maad

• name coined from Marathi, for want of name

~~~~~ MARATHI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (मराठी) ... spoken in: Maharashtra, Karnataka

रावण ताड raavan taad

• विकिपीडिया - मुक्त ज्ञानकोश ... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia ... (accessed: Jan 15, 2026)

रावण ताल raavan taal

• Sheshagiri Rao Rolla (1970) The Doum Palms in India ... (accessed: Jan 15, 2026)
• The Gazetteer Department - Maharashtra State ... महाराष्ट्रातील वनस्पतीशास्त्र आणि वनसंपदा ... (accessed: Jan 15, 2026)

~~~~~ KNOWN DISTRIBUTION in INDIA ~~~~~

*Andhra Pradesh, Dadra and Diu and Daman, Goa, Gujarat, Maharashtra

• Sheshagiri Rao Rolla (1970) The Doum Palms in India ... (accessed: Jan 15, 2026)
• Umerfaruq Qureshimatva, Lancelot D'Cruz, Hitesh A. Solanki and Santosh Yadav. (2018).Distribution of near threatened palm Hyphaene dichotoma (White) Furtado in Gujarat State and Union Territories Diu, Daman, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, India. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(11), 3014-3017. ... (accessed: Jan 15, 2026)
• Pratibha Pande, Ana Margarida Pereira - A Reference Guide :: Goa’s National Park and Wildlife Sanctuaries (2014) - Forest Department, Government of Goa ... (accessed: Jan 15, 2026)
• CHECKLIST OF FLORA OF GUJARAT ... (accessed: Jan 15, 2026)
• Andhra Pradesh :: Arigela, Ravi & Das, K.. (2010). Hyphaene dichotoma L. (Gingerbread Palm), Arecaceae - A rare, sacred and exotic palm tree in Andhra Pradesh. National Academy Science Letters. 33. 59-62. ... (accessed: Jan 15, 2026)

* no given name / no name found in the regional language(s) of the state

~~~~~ Created on: 09:51 15-01-2026 ¦ Last updated: 23:54 15-01-2026 (DD-MM-YYYY) ~~~~~

Arecaceae Palmae tropical perennial palm tree "Hyphaene dichotoma" "Borassus dichotomus" "Hyphaene indica" "Hyphaene taprobanica" "branching palm" "Indian doum palm" "hoka tree" oka-mundel

Semecarpus anacardium L.f.

sim-eh-KAR-pus -- Greek: semeion (a sign, a mark); karpos (fruit) ... Auroville Virtual Herbarium
an-uh-KAR-dee-um -- a fruit's name of an Indian tree, applied to cashew by Linnaeus ... Dave's Botanary

commonly known as: dhobi nut tree, Indian marking nut tree, Malacca bean, marany nut, marking nut, marsh nut, Oriental cashew nut, varnish tree • Assamese: বৰ-ভোলা bar-bhola, ভলা bhala, ভল্লাতক bhallatak • Bengali: অহ্বলা ahbala, ভল্লাত bhallata, ভল্লাতক bhallataka, ভেলা bhela • Garo: babari, bareri, bol-agal • Gujarati: ભિલામો bhilamo, ભિલામું bhilamu, બિબ્બા bibba • Haryanvi: भिलवा bhilawa, घेरू gheru • Hindi: भेला bhela, भिलावां or भिलावन bhilawan, निर्दहन nir-dahan, पावक pawak, विषास्या vishasya • Kannada: ಗೇರ್ಕಾಯಿ gerkaayi, ಗೇರು geru, ಗೊಡ್ಡುಗೇರು goddageru, ಗುಡ್ಡದ ಗೇರು guddada geru, ಕೇರ ಮರ kera-mara • Karbi: barla-arong • Khasi: dieng-soh-bhala • Kokborok: vela • Kol: लोसो loso • Konkani: अंबेरी amberi, बिब्बा bibba, ಬಿಬ್ಬಯಿ bibbayi, बिबो bibo • Malayalam: അലക്കുചേര് alakkucheru, ചെങ്കുരു chenkuru, തേങ്കൊട്ട thenkotta • Marathi: भल्लातक bhallataka, भिल्लावा bhilava, बिबवा bibava, बिब्बा bibba, गोडंबी godambi • Mech: bhalo, bhaola, bhelawa • Mizo: kawh-tebel, vawmbalhnahhlai, vawmbal-pui • Nepali: भलायो bhalaayo • Odia: ଭାଲିଆ bhalia, ଦୁର୍ଦ୍ଧର durddhara, ଲଙ୍କା ଭାଲିଆ lanka bhalia, ପୃଥଗ୍ ବୀଜ pruthag-bija, ରକ୍ଷୋଘ୍ନ rakshoghna • Persian: بلادر baladur • Punjabi: ਭਿਲਾਵਾ bhilawa • Sanskrit: अग्निमुख agnimukha, अह्वला ahvala, अन्तःसत्त्वा antahasattva, अर्शोहित arshohita, आरुष्कर arushkara, भल्लातक bhallataka, भूतनाशन bhutanashana, बीजपादप bijapadapa, धनुर्वृक्ष dhanurvrksha, कृमिघ्न krmighna, कृष्णवर्त्मन् krshnavartman, क्षतकृत् kshatakrt, महातीक्ष्णा mahatikshna, निर्दहन nirdahana, पावक pavaka, पृथग्बीज prthagbija, रक्षोघ्न rakshoghna, शैलबीज shailabija, शोककर shokakara, शोफहृत् shophahrt, शोथहृत् shothahrt, स्फोटबीजक sphotabijaka, तैलबीज tailabija, तपन tapana, वह्निनामन् vahninaman, विरातक virataka, वीरवृक्ष viravrksha, विषास्या vishasya, व्रणकृत् vranakrt, वृषाङ्क vrshangka • Santali: ᱥᱳᱥᱳ soso • Tamil: சேங்கொட்டை cen-kottai, சோம்பலம் compalam, காலகம் kalakam, காவகா kavaka, கிட்டாக்கனிக்கொட்டை kitta-k-kani-k-kottai, தேம்பாறை temparai • Telugu: భల్లాటము bhallatamu, జీడిమామిడిచెట్టు jidimamidichettu, నల్ల జీడి nalla jeedi, తుమ్మెద మామిడి thummeda mamidi • Tulu: ಗೇರ್ಕಾಯಿ gerukaayi, ಕೇರ್ಕಾಯಿ kerukaayi, ತೇರೆದ ಮರ tereda mara • Urdu: بهلاوان or بهلاون bhilawan, نردهن nir-dahan, پاوك pawak

botanical names: Semecarpus anacardium L.f. ... homotypic synonyms: Cassuvium anacardium (L.f.) Kuntze ... accepted infraspecifics: Semecarpus anacardium var. anacardium ... heterotypic synonyms: Anacardium officinale Pritz. • Anacardium orientale Steud. • Anacardium semecarpus Buch.-Ham. ... and more at POWO, retrieved 10 January 2026

Bibliography / etymology

Links listed as references in the notes below, may not remain valid permanently. Portals / websites have a tendency to re-organize / revise their content, leading to change in URLs of pages in their site. Some sites may even close down at their own will. The bits about the languages of India mentioned below are merely some bare facts gathered from the internet; just enough to satisfy curiosity about "where" could the listed names be best prevalent in India. All English transliterated names to be taken sensu amplo.

~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~

written and spoken widely, in most parts of India

dhobi nut tree

• Flowers of India, retrieved January 10, 2026
• Auroville Virtual Herbarium

Indian marking nut tree, marsh nut, Oriental cashew nut

• Semalty M, Semalty A, Badola A, Joshi GP, Rawat MS. Semecarpus anacardium Linn.: A review. Pharmacogn Rev. 2010 Jan;4(7):88-94. doi: 10.4103/0973-7847.65328. PMID: 22228947; PMCID: PMC3249908.

Malacca bean, varnish tree

• Ayate, Dipika & Shedge, Swati & Dobhal, Sneha & Kukreti, Shweta & Kumar, Sooraj & Bai, Rani & Neenu,. (2025). A Review on Uses of Bhilwa (Semecarpus anacardium) in the Indian Context. Annual Research & Review in Biology. 40. 12-22. 10.9734/arrb/2025/v40i102316.

marany nut

• All About Marany Nut in Catherine Reddy's blog The Earth of India

marking nut

• Flowers of India, retrieved January 10, 2026
• Vikaspedia - Collaborative Knowledge Sharing Portal - Government of India initiative (powered by MEIT & C-DAC)

~~~~~ ASSAMESE ~~~~~

written in: Assamese (অসমীয়া) ... spoken in: Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya

বৰ-ভোলা bar-bhola

• name pervalent in Nowgong region (modern-day Nagaon) ... Flora of Assam Vol I (Part II) by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das, C Purkayastha

ভলা bhala, ভল্লাতক bhallatak

• XOBDO - Your gateway to multilingual knowledge and resources
• Flora of Assam Vol I (Part II) by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das, C Purkayastha

~~~~~ BENGALI ~~~~~

written in: Bengali (বাংলা) ... spoken in: West Bengal, Assam, Jharkhand, Tripura, Andaman & Nicobar Islands

অহ্বলা ahbala

• Dasa, Jnanendramohana. Bangala bhashara abhidhana. Paribarttita o paribardhita 2. samskarana. Kalikata: Indiyan Pablisim Hausa, [bhumika 1937] 2 v.

ভল্লাত bhallata, ভল্লাতক bhallataka

• Biswas, Sailendra. Samsad Bengali-English dictionary. 3rd ed. Calcutta, Sahitya Samsad, 2000.

ভেলা bhela

• PRAIN, DAVID - BENGAL PLANTS - VOL. I
• Biswas, Sailendra. Samsada Bangala abhidhana. 7th ed. Calcutta, Sahitya Samsad, 2004.
• or ভালা bhala ... Dasa, Jnanendramohana. Bangala bhashara abhidhana. Paribarttita o paribardhita 2. samskarana. Kalikata: Indiyan Pablisim Hausa, [bhumika 1937] 2 v.

~~~~~ GARO ~~~~~

written in: Roman, Bengali-Assamese, A-Chik Tok'birim ... spoken in: Meghalaya, Assam

babari, bareri, bol-agal

• Flora of Assam Vol I (Part II) by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das, C Purkayastha

~~~~~ GUJARATI ~~~~~

written in: Gujarati (ગુજરાતી) ... spoken in: Gujarat, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu

ભિલામો bhilamo

• વનસ્પતીઓ ના ગુજરાતી તથા બોટનીકલ નામ ની યાદી (વૈધ કે.જે.ઝાલા)
• Biological Diversity of Gujarat - published by Gujarat Ecology Commission [accessed on: 16 Dec 2020]

ભિલામું bhilamu

• Amar Shri Ratilal P. Chandaria's Gujarati Lexicon - the most comprehensive Gujarati language resource

બિબ્બા bibba

• Biological Diversity of Gujarat - published by Gujarat Ecology Commission [accessed on: 16 Dec 2020]

~~~~~ HARYANVI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (हरियाणवी or हरयाणवी) ... spoken in: Haryana, Delhi

भिलवा bhilawa, घेरू gheru

• Haryana Forest Flora - A Comprehensive Database of Ligneous Plants of Haryana (India)

~~~~~ HINDI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (हिन्दी) ... spoken in: Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand

भेला bhela

• Dasa, Syamasundara. Hindi sabdasagara. Navina samskarana. Kasi: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, 1965-1975.
• PRAIN, DAVID - BENGAL PLANTS - VOL. I

भिलावां or भिलावन bhilawan, निर्दहन nir-dahan, पावक pawak, विषास्या vishasya

• FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants
• Platts, John T. (John Thompson). A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English. London: W. H. Allen & Co., 1884.

~~~~~ KANNADA ~~~~~

written in: Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ) ... spoken in: Karnataka

ಗೇರ್ಕಾಯಿ gerkaayi, ಕೇರ ಮರ kera-mara

• Five Hundred Indian Plants by Messrs. C. Stolz and G. Plebst, Basel Mission, Mangalore

ಗೇರು geru

• Alar - an authoritative Kannada-English dictionary corpus created by V. Krishna

ಗೊಡ್ಡುಗೇರು goddageru, ಗುಡ್ಡದ ಗೇರು guddada geru

• Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka :: Chapter 4 :: Shodhganga - a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET

~~~~~ KARBI ~~~~~

written in: Roman ... spoken in: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland ... other names for this language: Mikir or Arleng

barla-arong

• Flora of Assam Vol I (Part II) by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das, C Purkayastha

~~~~~ KHASI ~~~~~

written in: Latin (Khasi alphabet), Bengali-Assamese ... spoken in: Meghalaya, Assam

dieng-soh-bhala

• Flora of Assam Vol I (Part II) by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das, C Purkayastha
• Sawian, J.T. & Jeeva, Solomon & Lyndem, F.G. & Laloo, R.C.. (2007). Wild edible plants of Meghalaya, North-East India. Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources. 6. 410-426.

~~~~~ KOKBOROK ~~~~~

written in: Koloma, Latin, Bengali–Assamese (ককবরক), Kokmari ... spoken in: Tripura ... other names for this language: Tripuri, Kokbarak, Tippera, Tipra, Trippera

vela

• Majumdar, Koushik & Datta, B. (2013). Practice Pattern of Traditional Pharmaceutical Formulations by the Tribes of Tripura, Northeast India. Global Journal of Pharmacology. 7. 442-447.

~~~~~ KOL ~~~~~

written in: Warang Chiti (or Barang Kshiti, Varang Kshiti), Devanagari ... spoken in: Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal ... spoken by: Kol people

लोसो loso

• PRAIN, DAVID - BENGAL PLANTS - VOL. I

~~~~~ KONKANI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (कोंकणी) / Kannada (ಕೊಂಕಣಿ) / Malayalam (കൊങ്കണി) / Perso-Arabic (کونکنی) / Romi (Konknni) ... spoken in: Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala, Gujarat

अंबेरी amberi, बिब्बा bibba

• Biodiversity in Goa - Flora of Goa (n.d., Original Page Inactive)

ಬಿಬ್ಬಯಿ bibbayi

• Five Hundred Indian Plants by Messrs. C. Stolz and G. Plebst, Basel Mission, Mangalore

बिबो bibo

• Dalgado, Daniel Gelanio. Flora de Goa e Savantvadi: catalogo methodico das plantas medicinaes, alimentares e industriaes. Portugal, Imprensa Nacional, 1898.
• V D Vartak (1966) - Enumeration of plants from Gomantak India with a note on botanical excursions to the Castlerock area :: Chapter 5 :: Shodhganga :: a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET

~~~~~ MALAYALAM ~~~~~

written in: Malayalam (മലയാളം) ... spoken in: Kerala, Lakshadweep

അലക്കുചേര് alakkucheru, തേങ്കൊട്ട thenkotta

• വിക്കിപീഡിയ - സ്വതന്ത്രസർവ്വവിജ്ഞാനകോശം ... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia

ചെങ്കുരു chenkuru

• Many thanks to Sam Kuzhalanattu for help with the name ... eFloraofIndia
• बॆरकॆ अट्टिल् निघंट् - changing the way in which Tuluvas consume their food

~~~~~ MARATHI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (मराठी) ... spoken in: Maharashtra, Karnataka

भल्लातक bhallataka, भिल्लावा bhilava (or भिलावा bhilava), बिबवा bibava, बिब्बा bibba (or बिब्बी bibbi / बिबा biba / बिबी bibi), गोडंबी godambi

• Molesworth, J. T. (James Thomas). A dictionary, Marathi and English. 2d ed., rev. and enl. Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's press, 1857.

~~~~~ MECH ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari, Roman ... spoken by: Mech people (Bodos of north West Bengal)

bhalo, bhaola, bhelawa

• Flora of Assam Vol I (Part II) by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das, C Purkayastha

~~~~~ MIZO ~~~~~

written in: Latin, Bengali-Assamese ... spoken in: Mizoram ... other names for this language: Lushai, Duhlian

kawh-tebel

• Kar, An & Bora, Devanjal & Borthakur, Sashin & Goswami, N & Saharia, Daizi. (2013). WILD EDIBLE PLANT RESOURCES USED BY THE MIZOS OF MIZORAM, INDIA. KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY. 9. 106-126. [Accessed 15/11/2021 (dd/mm/yyyy)]

vawmbalhnahhlai

• ENVIS :: Biological Diversity In Mizoram [Accessed 18/08/2022 (dd/mm/yyyy)]

vawmbal-pui

• List of Ethno-medicinal plants in Mizoram state with uses - State Medicinal Plants Board - Mizoram

~~~~~ NEPALI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (नेपाली) ... spoken in: Nepal, West Bengal, Assam, Sikkim

भलायो bhalaayo

• Many thanks to Saroj Kumar Kasaju for help with this name ... eFloraofIndia

~~~~~ ODIA ~~~~~

written in: Odia (ଓଡ଼ିଆ) ... spoken in: Odisha, Andaman & Nicobar Islands

ଭାଲିଆ bhalia, ଦୁର୍ଦ୍ଧର durddhara, ଲଙ୍କା ଭାଲିଆ lanka bhalia, ପୃଥଗ୍ ବୀଜ pruthag-bija, ରକ୍ଷୋଘ୍ନ rakshoghna

• Praharaj, G.C. Pūrṇṇachandra Orḍiā bhāshākosha: a lexicon of the Oriya language. Cuttack: Utkal Sahitya Press, 1931-1940.

~~~~~ PERSIAN ~~~~~

written in: Farsi (فارسی) ... almost a defunct language; spoken in: West Bengal, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Bihar

بلادر baladur

• Platts, John T. (John Thompson). A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English. London: W. H. Allen & Co., 1884.

~~~~~ PUNJABI ~~~~~

written in: Gurmukhi (ਪੰਜਾਬੀ) ... spoken in: Punjab

ਭਿਲਾਵਾ bhilawa

• Singh, Maya. The Panjabi dictionary. Lahore: Munshi Gulab Singh & Sons, 1895.

~~~~~ SANSKRIT ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (संस्कृतम्) ... used all over India by priests and scholars

अग्निमुख agnimukha (or अग्निमुखी agnimukhi), अह्वला ahvala, अन्तःसत्त्वा antahasattva, अर्शोहित arshohita, आरुष्कर arushkara, भल्लातक bhallataka (or भल्लात bhallata / भल्ली bhalli / भल्लिका bhallika), भूतनाशन bhutanashana, बीजपादप bijapadapa, धनुर्वृक्ष dhanurvrksha (or धनु dhanu), कृमिघ्न krmighna, कृष्णवर्त्मन् krshnavartman, क्षतकृत् kshatakrt, महातीक्ष्णा mahatikshna, निर्दहन nirdahana, पावक pavaka, पृथग्बीज prthagbija, रक्षोघ्न rakshoghna, शैलबीज shailabija, शोककर shokakara, शोफहृत् shophahrt, शोथहृत् shothahrt (or शोथकृत् shothakrt), स्फोटबीजक sphotabijaka (or स्फोटहेतुक sphotahetuka / स्फोटकर sphotakara), तैलबीज tailabija, तपन tapana, वह्निनामन् vahninaman, विरातक virataka, वीरवृक्ष viravrksha, विषास्या vishasya, व्रणकृत् vranakrt, वृषाङ्क vrshangka

• Learn Sanskrit - पठत संस्कृतम् - शब्दकोशः

~~~~~ SANTALI ~~~~~

written in: Ol Chiki (ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ), Bengali (সাঁওতালী), Odia (ସାନ୍ତାଳୀ), Devanagari (सान्ताली), Roman ... spoken in: Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha

ᱥᱳᱥᱳ soso

• ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ - ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱲᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia
• PRAIN, DAVID - BENGAL PLANTS - VOL. I

~~~~~ TAMIL ~~~~~

written in: Tamil (தமிழ்) ... spoken in: Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Andaman & Nicobar Islands

சேங்கொட்டை cen-kottai, சோம்பலம் compalam, காவகா kavaka, கிட்டாக்கனிக்கொட்டை kitta-k-kani-k-kottai, தேம்பாறை temparai

• University of Madras. Tamil lexicon. [Madras], University of Madras, 1924-1936.

காலகம் kalakam

• Winslow, Miron. A comprehensive Tamil and English dictionary of high and low Tamil. Madras: P.R. Hunt, 1862.

~~~~~ TELUGU ~~~~~

written in: Telugu ( తెలుగు) ... spoken in: Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Puducherry

భల్లాటము bhallatamu, జీడిమామిడిచెట్టు jidimamidichettu

• Flora Andhrika - Plant Wealth of Andhra Pradesh, India
• Brown, Charles Philip. A Telugu-English dictionary. 2nd ed. Madras: Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1903.

నల్ల జీడి nalla jeedi, తుమ్మెద మామిడి thummeda mamidi

• Flora Andhrika - Plant Wealth of Andhra Pradesh, India
• FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants

~~~~~ TULU ~~~~~

written in: Tigalari (Tulu) was used for writing Vedic texts in Sanskrit, Kannada (ತುಳು), Malayalam (തുളു) ... spoken in: Karnataka, north Kerala

ಗೇರ್ಕಾಯಿ gerukaayi

• Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka :: Chapter 4 :: Shodhganga - a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET
• Five Hundred Indian Plants by Messrs. C. Stolz and G. Plebst, Basel Mission, Mangalore

ಕೇರ್ಕಾಯಿ kerukaayi

• Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka :: Chapter 4 :: Shodhganga - a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET

ತೇರೆದ ಮರ tereda mara

• Five Hundred Indian Plants by Messrs. C. Stolz and G. Plebst, Basel Mission, Mangalore
• Männer, A - Tulu-English and English-Tulu dictionary - Mangalore, Basel Mission Press (1886-8)

~~~~~ URDU ~~~~~

written in: Urdu (اردو) ... spoken in: Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Bihar, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka

بهلاوان or بهلاون bhilawan, نردهن nir-dahan, پاوك pawak

• Platts, John T. (John Thompson). A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English. London: W. H. Allen & Co., 1884.

~~~~~ KNOWN DISTRIBUTION in INDIA ~~~~~

Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal

• Hassler, Michael (1994 - 2025): World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. Version 25.12; last update Dec. 21st, 2025. Last accessed 10/01/2026 (dd/mm/yyyy).
• Goa :: V D Vartak (1966) - Enumeration of plants from Gomantak India with a note on botanical excursions to the Castlerock area :: Chapter 5 :: Shodhganga :: a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET
• Tripura :: Majumdar, Koushik & Datta, B. (2013). Practice Pattern of Traditional Pharmaceutical Formulations by the Tribes of Tripura, Northeast India. Global Journal of Pharmacology. 7. 442-447.
• Uttarakhand :: Rathiesh, P., Ajeet Kumar Negi and Dinesh Singh 2019. Effect of Seed Size on Germination of Semecarpus anacardium (Marking Nut) in Garhwal Himalaya. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 8(9): 2590-2596.

~~~~~ Created on: 15:03 10-01-2026 ¦ Last updated: 16:43 14-01-2026 (DD-MM-YYYY) ~~~~~

Anacardiaceae deciduous tree "Semecarpus anacardium" "Cassuvium anacardium" "Semecarpus anacardium var. anacardium" "Anacardium officinale" "Anacardium orientale" "Anacardium semecarpus" "dhobi nut tree" "Indian marking nut tree" "Malacca bean" "marany nut" "marking nut" "marsh nut" "Oriental cashew nut" "varnish tree"

Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi

SKY-nus -- Greek name for Pistacia (the mastic tree, another genus) ... Dave's Botanary
ter-ee-binth-ee-FOH-lee-us -- leaves like those of Pistacia terebinthus (turpentine tree) ... Dave's Botanary

commonly known as: Brazilian pepper, Christmas berry, Florida holly, pepper tree, pink pepper, rose pepper

botanical names: Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi ... and more at POWO, retrieved 09 January 2026

NOTE: While Schinus terebinthifolius was used for many decades, by current botanical standards, it is considered as an orthographic variant.

Bibliography / etymology

Links listed as references in the notes below, may not remain valid permanently. Portals / websites have a tendency to re-organize / revise their content, leading to change in URLs of pages in their site. Some sites may even close down at their own will. The bits about the languages of India mentioned below are merely some bare facts gathered from the internet; just enough to satisfy curiosity about "where" could the listed names be best prevalent in India. All English transliterated names to be taken sensu amplo.

~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~

written and spoken widely, in most parts of India

Brazilian pepper, Christmas berry, Florida holly, pepper tree

• Global Invasive Species Database (2026) Species profile: Schinus terebinthifolius. Downloaded on 09-01-2026.

pink pepper, rose pepper

• Flowers of India, retrieved January 9, 2026
• Gernot Katzer’s Spice Pages

~~~~~ KNOWN DISTRIBUTION in INDIA ~~~~~

exotic, cultivated as ornamental plant

• Hassler, Michael (1994 - 2025): World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. Version 25.12; last update Dec. 21st, 2025. Last accessed 09/01/2026 (dd/mm/yyyy).

~~~~~ Created on: 19:48 09-01-2026 ¦ Last updated: 11:09 10-01-2026 (DD-MM-YYYY) ~~~~~

Anacardiaceae tropical perennial evergreen dioecious "large shrub" "small tree" "Brazilian pepper" aroeira "Bahamian holly" "Christmas berry" "Florida holly" "pepper tree" "pink pepper" "rose pepper"

Nothopegia castaneifolia (Roth) Ding Hou

¿ noth-oh-PEEJ-ee-uh ? -- Greek: nothos (false); pege (fountain) ... Dave's Botanary
BED-o-my -- named for Col Richard Henry Beddome, British botanist in India ... Dave's Botanary

commonly known as: chestnutleaf top-fruit tree • Kannada: ನಾಯಿ ಚೇರ naayi chera, ಸೊನೆಮಾವು sonemaavu • Konkani: आंबेरी amberi • Malayalam: നായ്ച്ചേര് naaycheru • Marathi: आंबेरी amberi

botanical names: Nothopegia castaneifolia (Roth) Ding Hou ... heterotypic synonyms: Glycicarpus edulis Dalzell • Glycicarpus racemosa Dalzell • Nothopegia dalzellii Gamble • Nothopegia racemosa (Dalzell) Ramamoorthy ... and more at POWO, retrieved 07 January 2026

Bibliography / etymology

Links listed as references in the notes below, may not remain valid permanently. Portals / websites have a tendency to re-organize / revise their content, leading to change in URLs of pages in their site. Some sites may even close down at their own will. The bits about the languages of India mentioned below are merely some bare facts gathered from the internet; just enough to satisfy curiosity about "where" could the listed names be best prevalent in India. All English transliterated names to be taken sensu amplo.

~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~

written and spoken widely, in most parts of India

chestnutleaf top-fruit tree

• Flowers of India, retrieved January 7, 2026

~~~~~ KANNADA ~~~~~

written in: Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ) ... spoken in: Karnataka

ನಾಯಿ ಚೇರ naayi chera

• Imran Baig - Plants of Mahatma Gandhi Botanical Garden - A biodiversity heritage site

ಸೊನೆಮಾವು sonemaavu

• Kulkarni, Satish. (2016). Tree Wealth of KTR

~~~~~ KONKANI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (कोंकणी) / Kannada (ಕೊಂಕಣಿ) / Malayalam (കൊങ്കണി) / Perso-Arabic (کونکنی) / Romi (Konknni) ... spoken in: Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala, Gujarat

आंबेरी amberi

• Dalgado, Daniel Gelanio. Flora de Goa e Savantvadi: catalogo methodico das plantas medicinaes, alimentares e industriaes. Portugal, Imprensa Nacional, 1898.

~~~~~ MALAYALAM ~~~~~

written in: Malayalam (മലയാളം) ... spoken in: Kerala, Lakshadweep

നായ്ച്ചേര് naaycheru

• വിക്കിപീഡിയ - സ്വതന്ത്രസർവ്വവിജ്ഞാനകോശം ... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia

~~~~~ MARATHI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (मराठी) ... spoken in: Maharashtra, Karnataka

आंबेरी amberi

• The Gazetteer Department - Maharashtra State ... महाराष्ट्रातील वनस्पतीशास्त्र आणि वनसंपदा [accessed on: 28 Apr 2014]

~~~~~ KNOWN DISTRIBUTION in INDIA ~~~~~

Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, *Odisha, *Tamil Nadu

• Hassler, Michael (1994 - 2025): World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. Version 25.12; last update Dec. 21st, 2025. Last accessed 07/01/2026 (dd/mm/yyyy).
• Odisha :: Das, Prabhat & Sahoo, Tirthabrata & Mallick, Samarendra & Panda, Pratap. (2021). First record of occurrence of the tree species Nothopegia racemosa (Dalz.) Ramamurthy (Anacardiaceae) from Eastern Ghats of India.

* no given name / no name found in the regional language(s) of the state

~~~~~ Created on: 09:14 07-01-2026 ¦ Last updated: 17:21 07-01-2026 (DD-MM-YYYY) ~~~~~

Anacardiaceae evergreen tree "Nothopegia castaneifolia" "Glycicarpus edulis" "Glycicarpus racemosa" "Nothopegia dalzellii" "Nothopegia racemosa" "chestnutleaf top-fruit tree"

Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr.

LAN-nee-uh -- Latin: lana (wool), referring to the woolly hair on young parts of the plant ... Auroville Virtual Herbarium
kor-oh-man-del-ee-kuh -- of or from the Coromandel coast, India ... Auroville Virtual Herbarium

commonly known as: Indian ash tree, moya, wodier • Andamans (local/trade): नबे nabe, ननुम nanum • Assamese: জিযা jia • Bengali: জিযা jia, জিওল jiola • Coorgi: ಗೊದ್ದನಮರ goddana-mara • Dogri: गदांबल gadaambal, कैंबल kaimbal, सलांबड़ा salaambada • Garo: bol-agru, bol-chigamba, dome, dume • Gujarati: મવેડી mavedi, મોડદ modhad, મોયણો moyno, શેમટ shemat • Haryanvi: झिंगन jhingan • Hindi: झिंगन jhingan, कइमुल kaimul, काशमला kashmala, मोहीं mohin • Jharua: jiga, jika • Kachari: adalia poma, madabai • Kachchhi: મૂઈજોઝાડ muijojhad, મૂજોઝાડ mujojhad • Kannada: ಗೊದ್ದ godda, ಗೊಗಲ್ gogal, ಕುರಟಿಕೆ kuratike, ನಿರ್ಮಜ್ಜ nirmajja, ಸಿಂಟಿ ಮರ sinti mara, ಉಡಿಮರ udimara • Karbi: tiji-arong • Khasi: dieng-khang, dieng-pasoh-pier, dieng-soh-knurnot, dieng-sur, dieng-tang-leng, dieng-thang, soh-lapeit-synrang • Kokborok: toi-sing-taite • Kol: डोका dhoka • Konkani: मोई moi • Kuki: thing-khoi-nath • Kumaoni: कन्मन् kanman, कल्मिना kalmina • Lepcha: ᰌᰵ ᰎᰶᰃᰬᰜ ᰀᰪᰵ dang paguel-kung • Malayalam: കാരിലവ് kaarilavu, കരശ് karash, കരയം karayam, ഒടിയൻ മരം odiyan maram, ഉദി udi • Manipuri: ꯑꯥꯃꯟ aaman • Mara: dokao • Marathi: मोई moi, शेमट shemat, शिमटी shimati, शिंटी shinti • Mech: झिया jia • Mizo: tawitaw-suak • Nepali: हल्लुन्ड़े hallunde, होलोङ्ग्ग्रे holonggre, ठुलो दब्दबे thulo dabdabe • Odia: ଇନ୍ଦ୍ରାମଇ indramai, ଜିଅଳ jiala, ମଇ mai, ମୋହିନ mohina, ସୁନିର୍ଯାସା sunirjasa • Pahari: कैम्बल kaimbal, सलाम्बड़ा salaambada • Punjabi: ਦਿਲਾ dila, ਕੈਮਬਲ kaimbal, ਲਿਦਰਾ lidra • Rajasthani: गोबी gobi, गोदल godal, गुर्जन gurjan, पीन्डाला pindala • Sanskrit: अहिच्छत्त्र ahicchattra, अजशृङ्गी ajashrngi, बहलचक्षुस् bahalachakshus, बहलाङ्ग bahalanga, बस्तशृङ्गी bastashrngi, चक्रश्रेणी chakrashreni, चक्षुर्बहल chakshurbahala, दीर्घफल dirghaphala, घनशृङ्गी ghanashrngi, गृहद्रुम grhadruma, जिङ्गिनी jingini, जीवला jivala, कलुषमञ्जरी kalushamanjari, कर्णिका karnika, मेढ्रशृङ्गी medhashrngi, नेत्रौषध netraushadha, पीतक pitaka, प्रमोदिनी pramodini, पुत्रश्रेणी putrashreni, पुत्रशृङ्गी putrashrngi, शृङ्गला shrngala, सुनिर्यासा suniryasa, तिक्तदुग्धा tiktadugdha, वर्तिका vartika, विशालिका vishalika • Santali: ᱰᱚᱠᱟ doka • Sindhi: موھني mohin • Tamil: அப்பிரியதரு appiriya-taru, நெய்த்தோர் neyttor, ஒடியர் odiyar, ஒதியன் otiyan, ஒதி oti • Telugu: ఆతోపు చెట్టు aathopu chettu, అజశృంగి ajasrungi, అప్పిరియద appiriyada, దుష్టుపాకు dushtup-aku, గుంపెన gumpena, ఒద్దిమాను oddimaanu • Tibetan: ཛི་ངྫི་ནི dzi ndzi ni • Tulu: ಪುರ್ಲಿ purli

botanical names: Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. ... homotypic synonyms: Dialium coromandelinum Houtt. ... heterotypic synonyms: Lannea grandis (Dennst.) Engl. • Odina wodier Roxb. ... and more at POWO, retrieved 29 December 2025

Bibliography / etymology

Links listed as references in the notes below, may not remain valid permanently. Portals / websites have a tendency to re-organize / revise their content, leading to change in URLs of pages in their site. Some sites may even close down at their own will. The bits about the languages of India mentioned below are merely some bare facts gathered from the internet; just enough to satisfy curiosity about "where" could the listed names be best prevalent in India. All English transliterated names to be taken sensu amplo.

~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~

written and spoken widely, in most parts of India

Indian ash tree

• Flowers of India, retrieved December 27, 2025
• University of Madras. Tamil lexicon. [Madras], University of Madras, 1924-1936.

moya, wodier

• Flowers of India, retrieved December 27, 2025
• Because Lannea coromandelica is widespread across the Indian subcontinent, its names in regional languages of neighbouring states are often phonetically similar, the most popular ones being moya and wodier.

~~~~~ Andamans ~~~~~

languages spoken: Bengali | Tamil | Telugu | Hindi | Malayalam | Sadri | Kurukh | and a dozen endangered Andamanese languages ... written using their respective scripts, oral languages use Devanagari / Latin

नबे nabe, ननुम nanum

• The Useful Plants of India (CSIR, Publications & Information Directorate)

~~~~~ ASSAMESE ~~~~~

written in: Assamese (অসমীয়া) ... spoken in: Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya

জিযা jia

• Flora of Assam Vol I (Part II) by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das, C Purkayastha

~~~~~ BENGALI ~~~~~

written in: Bengali (বাংলা) ... spoken in: West Bengal, Assam, Jharkhand, Tripura, Andaman & Nicobar Islands

জিযা jia

• Flora of Assam Vol I (Part II) by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das, C Purkayastha

জিওল jiola

• PRAIN, DAVID - BENGAL PLANTS - VOL. I
• Flora of Assam Vol I (Part II) by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das, C Purkayastha

~~~~~ COORGI ~~~~~

written in: Kodava, Kannada (ಕೊಡವ), Malayalam (കൊഡവ) ... spoken in: Coorg district of Karnataka ... other names for this language: Codava, Kodava

ಗೊದ್ದನಮರ goddana-mara

• WISDOM LIBRARY - the greatest source of ancient and modern knowledge
• or ಗೊದ್ದ ಮರ godda mara ... Kodava Clan - Native Trees of Kodagu

~~~~~ DOGRI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (डोगरी) ... spoken in: Jammu & Kashmir ... spoken by the Dogras

गदांबल gadaambal, कैंबल kaimbal, सलांबड़ा salaambada

• Many thanks to OM Prakash Vidyarthi for help with these names ... facebook

~~~~~ GARO ~~~~~

written in: Roman, Bengali-Assamese, A-Chik Tok'birim ... spoken in: Meghalaya, Assam

bol-agru, bol-chigamba, dome, dume

• Flora of Assam Vol I (Part II) by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das, C Purkayastha

~~~~~ GUJARATI ~~~~~

written in: Gujarati (ગુજરાતી) ... spoken in: Gujarat, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu

મવેડી mavedi (or મવેડો mavedo), શેમટ shemat

• વનસ્પતીઓ ના ગુજરાતી તથા બોટનીકલ નામ ની યાદી (વૈધ કે.જે.ઝાલા)

મોડદ modhad, મોયણો moyno

• Biological Diversity of Gujarat - published by Gujarat Ecology Commission [accessed on: 16 Dec 2020]

~~~~~ HARYANVI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (हरियाणवी or हरयाणवी) ... spoken in: Haryana, Delhi

झिंगन jhingan

• Haryana Forest Flora - A Comprehensive Database of Ligneous Plants of Haryana (India)

~~~~~ HINDI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (हिन्दी) ... spoken in: Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand

झिंगन jhingan, मोहीं mohin (or मोहिन mohin)

• FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants

कइमुल kaimul

• Praharaj, G.C. Pūrṇṇachandra Orḍiā bhāshākosha: a lexicon of the Oriya language. Cuttack: Utkal Sahitya Press, 1931-1940.
• The Useful Plants of India (CSIR, Publications & Information Directorate)

काशमला kashmala

• Praharaj, G.C. Pūrṇṇachandra Orḍiā bhāshākosha: a lexicon of the Oriya language. Cuttack: Utkal Sahitya Press, 1931-1940.

~~~~~ JHARUA ~~~~~

written in: Bengali-Assamese, Latin ... spoken in: Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, West Bengal ... a dialect of Assamese, spoken by Kochs and Hajongs

jiga, jika

• Flora of Assam Vol I (Part II) by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das, C Purkayastha

~~~~~ KACHARI ~~~~~

written in: Bengali-Assamese, Devanagari, Latin ... spoken in: Assam, Nagaland ... other names for this language: Cachari, Plains Kachari (Boro or Bara) and Hill Kachari (Dimasa)

adalia poma, madabai (or mandamai)

• Flora of Assam Vol I (Part II) by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das, C Purkayastha

~~~~~ KACHCHHI ~~~~~

written in: Gujarati (કચ્છી), Sindhi (ڪڇّي) ... spoken in: Kutch region of Gujarat

મૂઈજોઝાડ muijojhad, મૂજોઝાડ mujojhad

• કચ્છ સ્વસ્થાન ની વનસ્પતિઓ ઠાકર જયકૃષ્ણ ઇન્દ્રજી 1926 [PLANTS OF CUTCH AND THEIR UTILITY by THAKAR, JAIKRISHNA INDRAJI, 1926]
• Patel, Yatin & Patel, Rohitkumar & Pankaj, Joshi & Dabgar, Yogesh. (2011). Study of the Angiospermic flora of Kachchh district, Gujarat, India. Life Sciences Leaflets. 19. 739-768.

~~~~~ KANNADA ~~~~~

written in: Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ) ... spoken in: Karnataka

ಗೊದ್ದ godda

• FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants
• Imran Baig - Plants of Mahatma Gandhi Botanical Garden - A biodiversity heritage site
• or ಗೊಡ್ಡ godda ... ಪದಕಣಜ - ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ಸರ್ಕಾರದ ಅಧಿಕೃತ ಜಾಲತಾಣ ... Padakanaja - Official website of Government of Karnataka
• or ಗೊಡ್ಡ godda ... ವಿಕಿಕೋಟ್ - ಒಂದು ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರ ವಿಶ್ವಕೋಶ ... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia

ಗೊಗಲ್ gogal, ನಿರ್ಮಜ್ಜ nirmajja

• Alar - an authoritative Kannada-English dictionary corpus created by V. Krishna
• ಪದಕಣಜ - ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ಸರ್ಕಾರದ ಅಧಿಕೃತ ಜಾಲತಾಣ ... Padakanaja - Official website of Government of Karnataka

ಕುರಟಿಕೆ kuratike

• Alar - an authoritative Kannada-English dictionary corpus created by V. Krishna
• S G Narsimhachar - Latin and Kannada names of indigenous and medicinal plants of Mysore - Mandayam Digital Library
• or ಕುರಟಿಗೆ kuratige ... Imran Baig - Plants of Mahatma Gandhi Botanical Garden - A biodiversity heritage site

ಸಿಂಟಿ ಮರ sinti mara

• Catalogue of Plants in the Botanical Garden, Bangalore, and its vicinity by Cameron, John, F. L. S
• Five Hundred Indian Plants by Messrs. C. Stolz and G. Plebst, Basel Mission, Mangalore

ಉಡಿಮರ udimara (or ಊದಿಮರ udimara)

• Alar - an authoritative Kannada-English dictionary corpus created by V. Krishna
• S G Narsimhachar - Latin and Kannada names of indigenous and medicinal plants of Mysore - Mandayam Digital Library
• Five Hundred Indian Plants by Messrs. C. Stolz and G. Plebst, Basel Mission, Mangalore

~~~~~ KARBI ~~~~~

written in: Roman ... spoken in: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland ... other names for this language: Mikir or Arleng

tiji-arong

• Flora of Assam Vol I (Part II) by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das, C Purkayastha

~~~~~ KHASI ~~~~~

written in: Latin (Khasi alphabet), Bengali-Assamese ... spoken in: Meghalaya, Assam

dieng-khang, dieng-pasoh-pier, dieng-soh-knurnot, dieng-sur, dieng-tang-leng, dieng-thang, soh-lapeit-synrang

• Flora of Assam Vol I (Part II) by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das, C Purkayastha

~~~~~ KOKBOROK ~~~~~

written in: Koloma, Latin, Bengali–Assamese (ককবরক), Kokmari ... spoken in: Tripura ... other names for this language: Tripuri, Kokbarak, Tippera, Tipra, Trippera

toi-sing-taite

• Flora of Assam Vol I (Part II) by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das, C Purkayastha
• Indian Woods - their identification, properties and uses - Vol. II (Forest Research Institute / Botanical Survey of India, 1963)

~~~~~ KOL ~~~~~

written in: Warang Chiti (or Barang Kshiti, Varang Kshiti), Devanagari ... spoken in: Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal ... spoken by: Kol people

डोका dhoka

• PRAIN, DAVID - BENGAL PLANTS - VOL. I

~~~~~ KONKANI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (कोंकणी) / Kannada (ಕೊಂಕಣಿ) / Malayalam (കൊങ്കണി) / Perso-Arabic (کونکنی) / Romi (Konknni) ... spoken in: Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala, Gujarat

मोई moi

• Dalgado, Daniel Gelanio. Flora de Goa e Savantvadi: catalogo methodico das plantas medicinaes, alimentares e industriaes. Portugal, Imprensa Nacional, 1898.
• V D Vartak (1966) - Enumeration of plants from Gomantak India with a note on botanical excursions to the Castlerock area - Shodhganga :: a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET

~~~~~ KUKI ~~~~~

written in: Roman ... spoken in: Manipur, Assam, Nagaland ... other names for this language:Thado, Thado-Pao, Thado-Ubiphei, Thaadou Kuki

thing-khoi-nath

• Flora of Assam Vol I (Part II) by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das, C Purkayastha

~~~~~ KUMAONI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari ... spoken in: Uttarakhand

कन्मन् kanman, कल्मिना kalmina

• Osmaston, A. E. 1927. A Forest Flora for Kumaon. Govt. Press, Allahabad.

~~~~~ LEPCHA ~~~~~

written in: Lepcha (or Róng), Tibetan ... spoken in: Sikkim, West Bengal

ᰌᰵ ᰎᰶᰃᰬᰜ ᰀᰪᰵ dang paguel-kung

• The Useful Plants of India (CSIR, Publications & Information Directorate)

~~~~~ MALAYALAM ~~~~~

written in: Malayalam (മലയാളം) ... spoken in: Kerala, Lakshadweep

കാരിലവ് kaarilavu, കരശ് karash, കരയം karayam, ഒടിയൻ മരം odiyan maram

• Jose Mathew - Floristic and ethnobotanical studies of Achankovil forests Western Ghats Kerala :: Chapter 5 :: Shodhganga - a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET

ഉദി udi

• Many thanks to Sam Kuzhalanattu for help with this name ... eFloraofIndia
• വിക്കിപീഡിയ - സ്വതന്ത്രസർവ്വവിജ്ഞാനകോശം ... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia
• AnilKumar N., Salim P.M., Balakrishnan V., Sivan V.V. (2001) - Medicinal Plants known from Wayanad - M S Swaminathan Research Foundation
• or ഉതി uthi ... Jose Mathew - Floristic and ethnobotanical studies of Achankovil forests Western Ghats Kerala :: Chapter 5 :: Shodhganga - a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET

~~~~~ MANIPURI ~~~~~

written in: Meiteilon (ꯃꯩꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ), Bengali-Assamese ... spoken in: Manipur ... other names for this language: Meetei

ꯑꯥꯃꯟ aaman

• Flowers of India, retrieved December 27, 2025
• Singh S. Sukumar. The Economic Plants of Manipur and Their Uses, Manipur, 2006, 2009.

~~~~~ MARA ~~~~~

written in: Latin ... spoken in: southernmost part of Mizoram ... spoken by: Tlosais tribe of Mara people

dokao

• List of Ethno-medicinal plants in Mizoram state with uses - Ministry of Ayush ... [Last accessed 17/02/2022 (dd/mm/yyyy)]

~~~~~ MARATHI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (मराठी) ... spoken in: Maharashtra, Karnataka

मोई moi

• मराठी विश्वकोश - महाराष्ट्र राज्य मराठी विश्वकोश निर्मिती मंडळ
• or मोयी moyi ... The Gazetteer Department - Maharashtra State ... महाराष्ट्रातील वनस्पतीशास्त्र आणि वनसंपदा [accessed on: 28 Apr 2014]

शेमट shemat

• FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants
• or शिंबट shimbat ... मराठी विश्वकोश - महाराष्ट्र राज्य मराठी विश्वकोश निर्मिती मंडळ

शिमटी shimati

• Molesworth, J. T. (James Thomas). A dictionary, Marathi and English. 2d ed., rev. and enl. Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's press, 1857.
• or शिंपटी shimpati ... The Gazetteer Department - Maharashtra State ... महाराष्ट्रातील वनस्पतीशास्त्र आणि वनसंपदा [accessed on: 28 Apr 2014]

शिंटी shinti

• Molesworth, J. T. (James Thomas). A dictionary, Marathi and English. 2d ed., rev. and enl. Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's press, 1857.

~~~~~ MECH ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari, Roman ... spoken by: Mech people (Bodos of north West Bengal)

झिया jia

• Flora of Assam Vol I (Part II) by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das, C Purkayastha

~~~~~ MIZO ~~~~~

written in: Latin, Bengali-Assamese ... spoken in: Mizoram ... other names for this language: Lushai, Duhlian

tawitaw-suak

• Kar, An & Bora, Devanjal & Borthakur, Sashin & Goswami, N & Saharia, Daizi. (2013). WILD EDIBLE PLANT RESOURCES USED BY THE MIZOS OF MIZORAM, INDIA. KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY. 9. 106-126. [Accessed 15/11/2021 (dd/mm/yyyy)]

~~~~~ NEPALI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (नेपाली) ... spoken in: Nepal, West Bengal, Assam, Sikkim

हल्लुन्ड़े hallunde, होलोङ्ग्ग्रे holonggre

• Many thanks to Saroj Kumar Kasaju for help with these names ... eFloraofIndia

ठुलो दब्दबे thulo dabdabe

• The Useful Plants of India (CSIR, Publications & Information Directorate)

~~~~~ ODIA ~~~~~

written in: Odia (ଓଡ଼ିଆ) ... spoken in: Odisha, Andaman & Nicobar Islands

ଇନ୍ଦ୍ରାମଇ indramai, ଜିଅଳ jiala (or ଜିଉଳ jiula), ମଇ mai, ମୋହିନ mohina, ସୁନିର୍ଯାସା sunirjasa (or ସୁନିର୍ଯ୍ୟାସା sunirjyasa)

• Praharaj, G.C. Pūrṇṇachandra Orḍiā bhāshākosha: a lexicon of the Oriya language. Cuttack: Utkal Sahitya Press, 1931-1940.

~~~~~ PAHARI (or PAHADI) ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (पहाड़ी), Perso-Arabic (پہاڑی) ... variety of languages, dialects and language groups, spoken in Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand

कैम्बल kaimbal (or कैम्भल kaimbhal), सलाम्बड़ा salaambada (or सलामड़ा salaamada)

• Many thanks to Dr Anil Kumar Thakur for help with these names ... facebook

~~~~~ PUNJABI ~~~~~

written in: Gurmukhi (ਪੰਜਾਬੀ) ... spoken in: Punjab

ਦਿਲਾ dila, ਕੈਮਬਲ kaimbal, ਲਿਦਰਾ lidra

• Singh, Maya. The Panjabi dictionary. Lahore: Munshi Gulab Singh & Sons, 1895.

~~~~~ RAJASTHANI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (राजस्थानी) ... spoken in: Rajasthan

गोबी gobi

• The Useful Plants of India (CSIR, Publications & Information Directorate)

गोदल godal, गुर्जन gurjan, पीन्डाला pindala

• Banswara - Forest Department - Rajasthan Government

~~~~~ SANSKRIT ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (संस्कृतम्) ... used all over India by priests and scholars

अहिच्छत्त्र ahicchattra, अजशृङ्गी ajashrngi, बहलचक्षुस् bahalachakshus, बहलाङ्ग bahalanga, बस्तशृङ्गी bastashrngi, चक्रश्रेणी chakrashreni, चक्षुर्बहल chakshurbahala, दीर्घफल dirghaphala, घनशृङ्गी ghanashrngi, गृहद्रुम grhadruma, जिङ्गिनी jingini, जीवला jivala, कलुषमञ्जरी kalushamanjari, कर्णिका karnika, मेढ्रशृङ्गी medhashrngi, नेत्रौषध netraushadha, पीतक pitaka, प्रमोदिनी pramodini, पुत्रश्रेणी putrashreni, पुत्रशृङ्गी putrashrngi, शृङ्गला shrngala, सुनिर्यासा suniryasa, तिक्तदुग्धा tiktadugdha, वर्तिका vartika, विशालिका vishalika

• Learn Sanskrit - पठत संस्कृतम् - शब्दकोशः

~~~~~ SANTALI ~~~~~

written in: Ol Chiki (ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ), Bengali (সাঁওতালী), Odia (ସାନ୍ତାଳୀ), Devanagari (सान्ताली), Roman ... spoken in: Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha

ᱰᱚᱠᱟ doka

• Campbell, A., of the Santal mission A Santali-English dictionary Pokhuria, India : Santal Mission Press, 1899
• ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ - ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱲᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia

~~~~~ SINDHI ~~~~~

written in: Perso-Arabic (سِنڌِي), Gujarati (સિંધી), Devanagari (सिन्धी) ... spoken in: Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan

موھني mohin

• وڪيپيڊيا - هِڪُ کُليل ڄاڻَ چِيڪلو ... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia

~~~~~ TAMIL ~~~~~

written in: Tamil (தமிழ்) ... spoken in: Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Andaman & Nicobar Islands

அப்பிரியதரு appiriya-taru, நெய்த்தோர் neyttor, ஒதி oti

• University of Madras. Tamil lexicon. [Madras], University of Madras, 1924-1936.

ஒடியர் odiyar, ஒதியன் otiyan

• Tamil names of Botanical names by Yercaud Ilango
• விக்கிப்பீடியா - கட்டற்ற கலைக் களஞ்சியம்... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia

~~~~~ TELUGU ~~~~~

written in: Telugu ( తెలుగు) ... spoken in: Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Puducherry

ఆతోపు చెట్టు aathopu chettu, అప్పిరియద appiriyada, గుంపెన gumpena (or దుంపెన dumpena, దుంపిణి dumpini)

• Flora Andhrika - Plant Wealth of Andhra Pradesh, India
• FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants

అజశృంగి ajasrungi

• Flora Andhrika - Plant Wealth of Andhra Pradesh, India
• Brown, Charles Philip. A Telugu-English dictionary. 2nd ed. Madras: Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1903.
• FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants

దుష్టుపాకు dushtup-aku (or దుష్టపుచెట్టు dustapuchettu)

• Brown, Charles Philip. A Telugu-English dictionary. 2nd ed. Madras: Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1903.

ఒద్దిమాను oddimaanu

• Flora Andhrika - Plant Wealth of Andhra Pradesh, India
• FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants
• or simply ఒద్ది oddi ... Brown, Charles Philip. A Telugu-English dictionary. 2nd ed. Madras: Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1903.

~~~~~ TIBETAN ~~~~~

written in: Tibetan ... spoken in: Tibet, Jammu, Kashmir & Ladakh, Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bhutan

ཛི་ངྫི་ནི dzi ndzi ni

• FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants

~~~~~ TULU ~~~~~

written in: Tigalari (Tulu) was used for writing Vedic texts in Sanskrit, Kannada (ತುಳು), Malayalam (തുളു) ... spoken in: Karnataka, north Kerala

ಪುರ್ಲಿ purli

• Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka :: Chapter 4 :: Shodhganga - a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET

~~~~~ KNOWN DISTRIBUTION in INDIA ~~~~~

Andaman & Nicobar islands, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttarakhand, West Bengal

• Hassler, Michael (1994 - 2025): World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. Version 25.12; last update Dec. 21st, 2025. Last accessed 29/12/2025 (dd/mm/yyyy).

~~~~~ Created on: 18:29 29-12-2025 ¦ Last updated: 13:22 05-01-2026 (DD-MM-YYYY) ~~~~~

Anacardiaceae deciduous tree "Lannea coromandelica" "Dialium coromandelinum" "Lannea grandis" "Odina wodier" "Indian ash tree" moya wodier