Ilex denticulata Wall. ex Wight

EYE-leks or EYE-liks -- classical Latin name for the holm oak (Quercus ilex), which shares similar prickly evergreen foliage with true hollies ... compiled from the web
den-tik-yoo-LAY-tuh or den-tik-yoo-LAH-tuh -- Latin: finely toothed ... compiled from the web

commonly known as: Nilgiri holly

known for / parts made use of: wood (timber), leaves ... compiled from the web

botanical names: Ilex denticulata Wall. ex Wight ... heterotypic synonyms: Ilex nilagirica Miq. ex Hook.f. ... POWO, retrieved November 13, 2026

Bibliography / etymology / notes

Links listed as references in the notes below, may not remain valid permanently. Portals / websites have a tendency to re-organize / revise their content, leading to change in URLs of pages in their site. Some sites may even close down at their own will. The bits about the languages of India mentioned below are merely some bare facts gathered from the internet; just enough to satisfy curiosity about "where" could the listed names be best prevalent in India. All English transliterated names to be taken sensu amplo.

~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~

written and spoken widely, in most parts of India

Nilgiri holly

• Flowers of India ... (accessed: November 13, 2026)

VERNACULAR OBSCURITY

Ilex denticulata is a high-altitude specialist largely absent from mainstream ethnobotanical records. Restricted to remote upper-montane shola and evergreen forests between 1,600 and 2,500 meters across Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Karnataka, it seldom intersects with everyday human settlements or traditional medicine. While lower-elevation relatives like Ilex wightiana and Ilex malabarica carry documented regional names, no verified Kannada, Malayalam, or Tamil names have been recorded for this species — nor under its historical synonym, Ilex nilagirica. ... compiled from the web.

~~~~~ KNOWN DISTRIBUTION in INDIA ~~~~~

Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu; non-endemic to India, known to be distributed outside India.

• Hassler, Michael (1994 - 2026): World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. Version 26.10; last update Oct. 29th, 2026. Last accessed 13/11/2026 (dd/mm/yyyy).
• Karnataka Biodiversity Board, 2019. FLORA OF KARNATAKA, A Checklist, Volume – 2: Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. 1 - 1002 (Published by Karnataka Biodiversity Board) ... (downloaded: Oct 4, 2020)
• BIOTIK (Biodiversity Informatics and co-operation in Taxonomy for Interactive shared Knowledge base) ... (accessed: November 13, 2026)

~~~~~ Created on: 18:32 13-11-2026 ¦ Last updated: 20:22 13-11-2026 (DD-MM-YYYY) ~~~~~

Aquifoliaceae, wet tropical montane, evergreen, tree, regional native, IUCN Not Evaluated, Ilex denticulata, Ilex nilagirica, Nilgiri holly, toothed-leaf holly

---

.

Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) R.Br.

RITE-ee-a -- named for William Wright, Scottish physician and botanist ... Dave's Botanary
tink-TOR-ee-uh -- used in dyeing or has a sap which can stain ... Dave's Botanary

commonly known as: dyer’s oleander, ivory wood tree, pala indigo plant, sweet indrajao • Angika: दूधखरी dudhkhree, दूधकोरिया dudhkoria, दूधलरिया dudhlaria • Bhili: केर्नी kerni • Bhojpuri: दूधखरी dudhkhree, दूधकोरिया dudhkoria, दूधलरिया dudhlaria • Dogri: दुद्द रुक्ख dudd rukkh, मिट्ठा इंद्रजौ mittha indrajau • Gondi: करू karu • Gujarati: દુધલો dudhalo, ઈંદ્રજવ મીઠો indrajav meetho, કૂડી kudi, મીઠો દૂધલો mitho dudhalo, રૂંછાળો દૂધલો runchalo dudhlo • Haryanvi: दूधी dudhi • Hindi: दूधी dudhi, कपार kapar, करायजा karaeja, मीठा इन्द्रजौ mitha indrajau • Kachchhi: દૂધિયો dudhio, જંગલી ઝાડ jangli zad • Kannada: ಅಲಿಗಿಲಿ aligili, ಬೆಪ್ಪಾಲೆ beppaale, ಹಲ್ಲುನೋವು ಮರ hallunovu mara, ಕರೆ ಕೊಡಸಿಗೆ kare kodasige, ಕಿರಿ ಕೊಡಸಿಗೆ kiri kodasige, ಕೋಡಮುರಕ kodamuraka • Konkani: काळो कुडो kalo kudo • Magadhi: दूधखरी dudhkhree, दूधकोरिया dudhkoria, दूधलरिया dudhlaria • Malayalam: അയ്യപ്പാല aiyappaala, ദന്തപ്പാല dhanthappaala, ഗൊപ്പമ്പാല goppampaala, ഇരുമ്പാല irampaala, കമ്പിപ്പാല kambippaala, തൊണ്ടപ്പാല thondappaala, വെൽപ്പാല velppaala • Marathi: भूरेवडी bhurevadi, गोडा इंद्रजव goda indrajav, काळा कुडा kala kuda • Odia: ଧଳା କୁରେଇ dhala kurei, ଦୁଧ କେରୁଆଁ duda keruain, ଦୁଧୋକ୍ରିୟା dudhokriya, କ୍ରିୟୋ kryo, ପିତା କରୁଆଁ pita karuan, ଶ୍ୱେତକୁଟଜ swetakutaja • Rajasthani: भाकर आक bhakar aak, दूधी dudhi, खिरनी khirni • Sanskrit: असित कुटज asita kutaja, हयमारक hayamaraka, श्वेत कुटज shweta kutaja • Tamil: இரும்பாலை irumpalai, பாலைநீலம் palainilam, வெட்பாலை vetpalai • Telugu: అంకుడు ankudu, దొడ్డ పాల చెట్టు dodda paala chettu, కొడిశ విత్తులు kodisha-vittulu, కోలముఖి kolamukhi, పాల కొడిశ paala kodisha, పాల వేరి paala veri, రెప్పాల చెట్టు reppala chettu, తెడ్ల పాల tedla paala • Tulu: ಎಂಜಿರುಪ್ಪಾಲೆ enjiruppale, ಕೂಲಿಬೇನೆತ ತಪ್ಪು koolibenetha thappu, ನಯಿಕೂರಿ nayikuli • Urdu: کرايجا karaeja

known for / parts made use of: leaves, wood / timber, bark, seeds, milky latex ... compiled from the web

botanical names: Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) R.Br. ... homotypic synonyms: Nerium tinctorium Roxb. ... and more at POWO, retrieved November 09, 2026

Bibliography / etymology / notes

Links listed as references in the notes below, may not remain valid permanently. Portals / websites have a tendency to re-organize / revise their content, leading to change in URLs of pages in their site. Some sites may even close down at their own will. The bits about the languages of India mentioned below are merely some bare facts gathered from the internet; just enough to satisfy curiosity about "where" could the listed names be best prevalent in India. All English transliterated names to be taken sensu amplo.

~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~

written and spoken widely, in most parts of India

blue-dyeing rosebay

• University of Madras. Tamil lexicon. [Madras], University of Madras, 1924-1936.

dyer’s oleander, pala indigo plant, sweet indrajao

• Flowers of India ... (accessed: November 09, 2026)

ivory wood tree

• Cameron, John, F. L. S. — Catalogue of Plants in the Botanical Garden, Bangalore, and its vicinity ... (downloaded: Sep 5, 2020)
• Kartik, A.G. & M V, Durai. (2021). Ivory wood (Wrightia tinctoria): Natural choice for Channapatna toys. 1. 93-95. ... (accessed: November 09, 2026)

Blue-dyeing Rosebay — A rare, high-value historical English common name used during the East India Company era. As British traders in the Madras Presidency attempted to commercialise and export the tree's leaves to Europe as an indigo-substitute cash crop, they translated the local concept of the dark, iron-colored dye plant into this colonial trade name. While "Rosebay" was an archaic British moniker for oleander-type plants, the prefix explicitly highlighted its economic utility. This name is now entirely obsolete in the living trade, agricultural fields, and raw markets of Tamil Nadu, surviving primarily in archived colonial records and translations.

Dyer’s Oleander — The word "Dyer's" relates entirely to the plant's history as an indigo substitute, but its origin is famously tied to a specific colonial pioneer: Dr. William Roxburgh (the "Father of Indian Botany"). He, while working in the Coromandel coast (modern-day Andhra Pradesh/Tamil Nadu), noticed that local artisans were using the leaves of this specific "oleander-lookalike" tree to dye cloth a deep blue. He officially documented this plant species in 1791, naming it Nerium tinctorium (tinctorium meaning "used for dyeing"). ... compiled from the web.

Pala indigo-plant — The classic name referencing its main distribution in the erstwhile Madras Presidency / Palani region and its use as an indigo substitute. ... compiled from the web.

Sweet Indrajao — The universal trade and pharmaceutical name for the plant's seeds in Indian markets, distinguishing it from "Bitter Indrajao" (Holarrhena pubescens). ... compiled from the web

The Ivory Wood tree — This is arguably the most common name encountered in colonial forestry records (like Gamble’s Manual of Indian Timbers). It was universally used by British carpenters and forest officers in India because the pristine white wood beautifully mimics true elephant ivory. It is the definitive, foundational wood used to manufacture the world-famous, GI-tagged Channapatna toys of Karnataka. ... compiled from the web.

~~~~~ ANGIKA ~~~~~

written in: historically Anga Lipi, later Kaithi, presently Devanagari (अंगिका) ... spoken in: Bihar, Jharkhand ... other names for this language: Anga, Angikar, Chhika-Chhiki

दूधखरी dudhkhree (variant: दूधखीरी dudhkhree), दूधकोरिया dudhkoria (variant: दूधकुड़िया dudhkuria), दूधलरिया dudhlaria (variant: दूधलड़िया dudhlaria)

• Floristic Diversity of Banka - बिहार वानिकी विकास निगम लिमिटेड (Bihar Forestry Development Corporation Limited) ... (downloaded: December 31, 2023)

~~~~~ BHILI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (भीली), Gujarati (ભીલી) ... spoken in: Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra ... other names or dialects of this language: Bhilboli, Bhagoria, Garasia, Vagadi (or Wagdi)

केर्नी kerni

• United Nations Development Programme & Ministry of Environment and Forests. (2012). Community Conserved Areas: Odisha and Madhya Pradesh – Directory. New Delhi, India. ... (downloaded: December 31, 2017)

~~~~~ BHOJPURI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (भोजपुरी) ... spoken in: eastern Uttar Pradesh, western Bihar and northwestern Jharkhand

दूधखरी dudhkhree (variant: दूधखीरी dudhkhree), दूधकोरिया dudhkoria (variant: दूधकुड़िया dudhkuria), दूधलरिया dudhlaria (variant: दूधलड़िया dudhlaria)

• Floristic Diversity of Aurangabad - बिहार वानिकी विकास निगम लिमिटेड (Bihar Forestry Development Corporation Limited) ... (downloaded: December 31, 2023)
• Floristic Diversity of Kaimur - बिहार वानिकी विकास निगम लिमिटेड (Bihar Forestry Development Corporation Limited) ... (downloaded: December 31, 2023)
• Floristic Diversity of Rohtas - बिहार वानिकी विकास निगम लिमिटेड (Bihar Forestry Development Corporation Limited) ... (downloaded: December 31, 2023)
• Floristic Diversity of West Champaran - बिहार वानिकी विकास निगम लिमिटेड (Bihar Forestry Development Corporation Limited) ... (downloaded: December 31, 2023)

~~~~~ DOGRI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (डोगरी) ... spoken in: Jammu & Kashmir ... spoken by the Dogras

दुद्द रुक्ख dudd rukkh, मिट्ठा इंद्रजौ mittha indrajau

• Many thanks to OM Prakash Vidyarthi for help with these names ... facebook

~~~~~ GONDI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (गोंडी), Gunjala Gondi, Masaram Gondi, Telugu ... spoken in: Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana ... native name of this language: Koitur

करू karu

• United Nations Development Programme & Ministry of Environment and Forests. (2012). Community Conserved Areas: Odisha and Madhya Pradesh – Directory. New Delhi, India. ... (downloaded: December 31, 2017)

~~~~~ GUJARATI ~~~~~

written in: Gujarati (ગુજરાતી) ... spoken in: Gujarat, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu

દુધલો dudhalo, ઈંદ્રજવ મીઠો indrajav meetho

• વનસ્પતીઓ ના ગુજરાતી તથા બોટનીકલ નામ ની યાદી :: સંકલન કર્તા વૈધ શ્રી કે,જે,ઝાલા ... (downloaded: 19 Jan 2026)
• Odedra, Nathabhai K., 2009, "Ethnobotany of Maher Tribe In Porbandar District, Gujarat, India", thesis PhD, Saurashtra University ... (accessed: October 31, 2026)

કૂડી kudi (variants: કુડી kudi / દૂધ કૂડી dudh kudi / દૂધ કુડી dudh kudi)

• S Rajendra Kumar, S Kalavathy (2010) - Floristic status and its conservation in the forests of the north Gujarat region (NGR) Gujarat, India :: Chapter 4 :: Shodhganga :: a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET
• Yadav, Shri Ram - A contribution to the floristics and phytosociology of some parts of South Gujarat :: Chapter 1 :: Shodhganga - a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET
• Solanki, Hitesh & Gamit, Binang & Maurya, Rupesh & Qureshimatva, Umerfaruq. (2015). CHECK LIST OF FLOWERING PLANTS IN TAPI DISTRICT, GUJARAT, INDIA. International Journal of Advanced Research. Volume 3. 1104 - 1123. ... (downloaded: Feb 9, 2022)
• Patel, Mayur & Punjani, Bhasker. (2021). A study of angiosperm diversity in Bayad taluka of Aravalli district, Gujarat. - International Journal of Botany. 6. 709-718. ... (downloaded: Sep 15, 2023)

મીઠો દૂધલો mitho dudhalo

• Patel, Mayur & Punjani, Bhasker. (2021). A study of angiosperm diversity in Bayad taluka of Aravalli district, Gujarat. - International Journal of Botany. 6. 709-718. ... (downloaded: Sep 15, 2023)

રૂંછાળો દૂધલો runchalo dudhlo

• Patel, Mayur & Punjani, Bhasker. (2021). A study of angiosperm diversity in Bayad taluka of Aravalli district, Gujarat. - International Journal of Botany. 6. 709-718. ... (downloaded: Sep 15, 2023)
• ગુજરાતી વિશ્વકોશ — રૂંછાળો દૂધલો (રાઇટિયા) — યોગેશ ડબગર, બળદેવભાઈ પટેલ

~~~~~ HARYANVI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (हरियाणवी or हरयाणवी) ... spoken in: Haryana, Delhi

दूधी dudhi

• Haryana Forest Flora - A Comprehensive Database of Ligneous Plants of Haryana (India) ... (accessed: November 10, 2026)

~~~~~ HINDI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (हिन्दी) ... spoken in: Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand

दूधी dudhi, कपार kapar

• Flowers of India ... (accessed: November 09, 2026)

करायजा karaeja

• Platts, John T. (John Thompson). A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English. London: W. H. Allen & Co., 1884.

मीठा इन्द्रजौ mitha indrajau (or मीठी इन्द्रयव mithi indrayau)

• विकिपीडिया - एक मुक्त ज्ञानकोश ... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia ... (accessed: November 09, 2026)

~~~~~ KACHCHHI ~~~~~

written in: Gujarati (કચ્છી), Sindhi (ڪڇّي) ... spoken in: Kutch region of Gujarat

દૂધિયો dudhio, જંગલી ઝાડ jangli zad

• Patel, Yatin & Patel, Rohitkumar & Pankaj, Joshi & Dabgar, Yogesh. (2011). Study of the Angiospermic flora of Kachchh district, Gujarat, India. Life Sciences Leaflets. 19. 739-768. ... (downloaded: Feb 9, 2022)

~~~~~ KANNADA ~~~~~

written in: Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ) ... spoken in: Karnataka

ಅಲಿಗಿಲಿ aligili

• S G Narsimhachar - Latin and Kannada names of indigenous and medicinal plants of Mysore - Mandayam Digital Library ... (downloaded: Nov 27, 2020)

ಬೆಪ್ಪಾಲೆ beppaale

• Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka :: Chapter 4 :: Shodhganga - a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET
• Alar - an authoritative Kannada-English dictionary corpus created by V. Krishna
• S G Narsimhachar - Latin and Kannada names of indigenous and medicinal plants of Mysore - Mandayam Digital Library ... (downloaded: Nov 27, 2020)

ಹಲ್ಲುನೋವು ಮರ hallunovu mara (or ಹಲ್ಲು ನೋವಿನ ಗಿಡ hallu novina gida)

• Kittel, Ferdinand. Kittel's Kannada-English dictionary. Rev. and enl. ed. [Madras] University of Madras, 1968-1971.
• Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka :: Chapter 4 :: Shodhganga - a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET

ಕೋಡಮುರಕ kodamuraka (variants: ಕೊಡ ಮುರ್ಕ koda murka / ಕೊಡ ಮುರುಕ koda muruka / ಕೋಡಮುರಕಿ kodamuraki / ಕೋಡಮುರುಕ kodamuruka)

• Alar - an authoritative Kannada-English dictionary corpus created by V. Krishna
• S G Narsimhachar - Latin and Kannada names of indigenous and medicinal plants of Mysore - Mandayam Digital Library ... (downloaded: Nov 27, 2020)

ಕರೆ ಕೊಡಸಿಗೆ kare kodasige

• Imran Baig - Plants of Mahatma Gandhi Botanical Garden - A biodiversity heritage site ... (downloaded: Nov 17, 2023)

ಕಿರಿ ಕೊಡಸಿಗೆ kiri kodasige (or ಕೊಡಸಿಗೆ kodasige / ಕೊಡ್ಸಿಗೆ kodsige)

• Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka :: Chapter 4 :: Shodhganga - a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET
• Alar - an authoritative Kannada-English dictionary corpus created by V. Krishna
• S G Narsimhachar - Latin and Kannada names of indigenous and medicinal plants of Mysore - Mandayam Digital Library ... (downloaded: Nov 27, 2020)

~~~~~ KONKANI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (कोंकणी) / Kannada (ಕೊಂಕಣಿ) / Malayalam (കൊങ്കണി) / Perso-Arabic (کونکنی) / Romi (Konknni) ... spoken in: Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala, Gujarat

काळो कुडो kalo kudo

• Dalgado, Daniel Gelanio. Flora de Goa e Savantvadi: catalogo methodico das plantas medicinaes, alimentares e industriaes. Portugal, Imprensa Nacional, 1898. ... (downloaded: 21 Sept 2020)
• V D Vartak (1966) - Enumeration of plants from Gomantak India with a note on botanical excursions to the Castlerock area :: Chapter 5 :: Shodhganga :: a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET

~~~~~ MAGADHI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari, Kaithi ... spoken in: Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal ... the colloquial, everyday name used by native speakers living in Bihar is strictly Magahi.

दूधखरी dudhkhree (variant: दूधखीरी dudhkhree), दूधकोरिया dudhkoria (variant: दूधकुड़िया dudhkuria), दूधलरिया dudhlaria (variant: दूधलड़िया dudhlaria)

• Floristic Diversity of Aurangabad - बिहार वानिकी विकास निगम लिमिटेड (Bihar Forestry Development Corporation Limited) ... (downloaded: December 31, 2023)
• Floristic Diversity of Banka - बिहार वानिकी विकास निगम लिमिटेड (Bihar Forestry Development Corporation Limited) ... (downloaded: December 31, 2023)
• Floristic Diversity of Jamui - बिहार वानिकी विकास निगम लिमिटेड (Bihar Forestry Development Corporation Limited) ... (downloaded: December 31, 2023)
• Floristic Diversity of Munger - बिहार वानिकी विकास निगम लिमिटेड (Bihar Forestry Development Corporation Limited) ... (downloaded: December 31, 2023)
• Floristic Diversity of Nalanda - बिहार वानिकी विकास निगम लिमिटेड (Bihar Forestry Development Corporation Limited) ... (downloaded: December 31, 2023)

~~~~~ MALAYALAM ~~~~~

written in: Malayalam (മലയാളം) ... spoken in: Kerala, Lakshadweep

അയ്യപ്പാല aiyappaala, ദന്തപ്പാല dhanthappaala, ഇരുമ്പാല irampaala, തൊണ്ടപ്പാല thondappaala

• Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka :: Chapter 4 :: Shodhganga - a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET

ഗൊപ്പമ്പാല goppampaala, കമ്പിപ്പാല kambippaala

• K A Anil Kumar and P S Udayan - Plant diversity of the Attappady hills, Western Ghats :: Chapter 4 :: Shodhganga - a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET

വെൽപ്പാല velppaala (variants: വെളപാല velapaala / വെള്ളപ്പാല vellappaala)

• AnilKumar N., Salim P.M., Balakrishnan V., Sivan V.V. (2001) - Medicinal Plants known from Wayanad - M S Swaminathan Research Foundation ... (downloaded: July 6, 2023)

~~~~~ MARATHI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (मराठी) ... spoken in: Maharashtra, Karnataka

भूरेवडी bhurevadi

• Molesworth, J. T. (James Thomas). A dictionary, Marathi and English. 2d ed., rev. and enl. Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's press, 1857.

गोडा इंद्रजव goda indrajav

• Many thanks to Swagat Thorat for help with this name ... eFloraofIndia

काळा कुडा kala kuda

• Molesworth, J. T. (James Thomas). A dictionary, Marathi and English. 2d ed., rev. and enl. Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's press, 1857.
• The Gazetteer Department - Maharashtra State ... महाराष्ट्रातील वनस्पतीशास्त्र आणि वनसंपदा ... (downloaded: Sep 5, 2020)
• The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society Vol II (1887)

~~~~~ ODIA ~~~~~

written in: Odia (ଓଡ଼ିଆ) ... spoken in: Odisha, Andaman & Nicobar Islands

ଧଳା କୁରେଇ dhala kurei (variant: ଧଳା କୁରାଇ dhala kurai)

• Chauhan, Monali & Dimri, Rakhee & Kumar, Sanjeet & Pradhan, Ilarani. (2021). Common medicinal plants of Dhenkanal (Odisha), India. ... (downloaded: Sep 13, 2024)
• Kumar, Sanjeet & Mishra, Sweta & Mishra, Arun & Kumar N, Sanath. (2023). Floral Diversity of Koira and Barsuan Ranges, Bonai Forest Division, Odisha ... (downloaded: Aug 26, 2024)

ଦୁଧ କେରୁଆଁ duda keruain (variant: ଦୁଦା କେରୁଆଁ duda keruain), ଦୁଧୋକ୍ରିୟା dudhokriya (variant: ଦୁଧ କୁରେଇଆ dudhokriya), କ୍ରିୟୋ kryo (variant: କୁରେଇଓ kryo), ପିତା କରୁଆଁ pita karuan

• United Nations Development Programme & Ministry of Environment and Forests. (2012). Community Conserved Areas: Odisha and Madhya Pradesh – Directory. New Delhi, India. ... (downloaded: December 31, 2017)

ଶ୍ୱେତକୁଟଜ swetakutaja

• Medicinal Plants Knowledge Centre, Bhubaneswar, PCCF & HoFF, Odisha State Forest Department ... (downloaded: June 18, 2024)

~~~~~ RAJASTHANI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (राजस्थानी) ... spoken in: Rajasthan

भाकर आक bhakar aak

• R. P. Kanther - DOMINANT FLORA OF PALI-DISTRICT, RAJASTHAN, INDIA J. Indian Bot. Soc., Vol. 100 (1&2) 2020:01-15 ... (downloaded: Jun 15, 2024)
• Charan, P. & Sharma, K. (2016). FLORAL DIVERSITY OF THAR DESERT OF WESTERN RAJASTHAN, INDIA. ... (downloaded: June 19, 2024)

दूधी dudhi

• Bundi - Forest Department - Rajasthan Government ... (downloaded: Sep 21, 2020)
• Nagour - Forest Department - Rajasthan Government ... (downloaded: Oct 16, 2026)

खिरनी khirni (variants: खिरना khirna / केर्नी kerni / केर्णी kerni)

• Nagour - Forest Department - Rajasthan Government ... (downloaded: Oct 16, 2026)
• Banswara - Forest Department - Rajasthan Government ... (downloaded: Sep 5, 2020)
• Tripathi, Yogesh & Prabhu, V.V. & Pal, R.S. & Mishra, R.N.. (1996). Medicinal Plants of Rajasthan in Indian System of Medicine. Ancient Science of Life. 15. 190-212. ... (downloaded: Mar 10, 2018)

~~~~~ SANSKRIT ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (संस्कृतम्) ... used all over India by priests and scholars

असित कुटज asita kutaja, हयमारक hayamaraka, श्वेत कुटज shweta kutaja

• FRLHT & NMPB — Indian Medicinal Plants Database ... (accessed: November 12, 2026)

~~~~~ TAMIL ~~~~~

written in: Tamil (தமிழ்) ... spoken in: Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Andaman & Nicobar Islands

இரும்பாலை irumpalai, வெட்பாலை vetpalai

• University of Madras. Tamil lexicon. [Madras], University of Madras, 1924-1936.

பாலைநீலம் palainilam (or நிலபாலை nilapalai)

• for Blue-dyeing Rosebay ... University of Madras. Tamil lexicon. [Madras], University of Madras, 1924-1936.
• Yercaud Ilango - Tamil names of Botanical names ... (downloaded: Jun 23, 2022)

~~~~~ TELUGU ~~~~~

written in: Telugu ( తెలుగు) ... spoken in: Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Puducherry

అంకుడు ankudu (variants: అంకుడి కొడిశ ankidi-kodisha / చిట్టంకుడు chittankudu / చిటాములు chitaamulu), దొడ్డ పాల చెట్టు dodda paala chettu (variant: దొడ్డి పాల doddi paala), కొడిశ విత్తులు kodisha-vittulu (variant: కళింగ విత్తులు kalinga-vittulu), కోలముఖి kolamukhi (variant: పాల ముఖి paala mukhi), పాల కొడిశ paala kodisha (variants: ఆకుపాల akupaala / పాల బరింకి paala baranki / పాల పరికి paala parki), పాల వేరి paala veri (variants: పాల వర paala vara / పాల వరి paala vari / పాల వెరిని paala vereni / పాలు మిలి paalu mili), రెప్పాల చెట్టు reppala chettu, తెడ్ల పాల tedla paala (variant: జెడ్డ పాల jeddapaala)

• Flora Andhrika - Plant Wealth of Andhra Pradesh, India ... (accessed: November 10, 2026)

~~~~~ TULU ~~~~~

written in: Tigalari (Tulu) was used for writing Vedic texts in Sanskrit, Kannada (ತುಳು), Malayalam (തുളു) ... spoken in: Karnataka, north Kerala

ಎಂಜಿರುಪ್ಪಾಲೆ enjiruppale, ಕೂಲಿಬೇನೆತ ತಪ್ಪು koolibenetha thappu

• Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka :: Chapter 4 :: Shodhganga - a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET

ನಯಿಕೂರಿ nayikuli

• Männer, A - Tulu-English and English-Tulu dictionary - Mangalore, Basel Mission Press (1886-8)

~~~~~ URDU ~~~~~

written in: Urdu (اردو) ... spoken in: Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Bihar, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka

کرايجا karaeja

• Platts, John T. (John Thompson). A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English. London: W. H. Allen & Co., 1884.

~~~~~ KNOWN DISTRIBUTION in INDIA ~~~~~

Andaman islands, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal

• Hassler, Michael (1994 - 2026): World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. Version 26.10; last update Oct. 29th, 2026. Last accessed 09/11/2026 (dd/mm/yyyy).
• GOA :: V D Vartak (1966) - Enumeration of plants from Gomantak India with a note on botanical excursions to the Castlerock area :: Chapter 5 :: Shodhganga :: a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET

~~~~~ Created on: 14:54 09-11-2026 ¦ Last updated: 10:37 13-11-2026 (DD-MM-YYYY) ~~~~~

Apocynaceae deciduous tree "Wrightia tinctoria" "Nerium tinctorium" "blue-dyeing rosebay" "Dyer’s oleander" "ivory wood tree" "pala indigo plant" "sweet indrajao"

---

.

Wrightia religiosa (Teijsm. & Binn.) Benth. ex Kurz

RITE-ee-a -- named for William Wright, Scottish physician and botanist ... Dave's Botanary
re-lij-ee-OH-suh -- sacred ... Dave's Botanary

commonly known as: lady's earrings, sacred buddhist, water jasmine, wild water plum, wondrous wrightia

known for / parts made use of: whole plant; grown exclusively for structural landscaping, high-end bonsai, and ornamental display; the flowers (ornamental display and worship) ... compiled from the web

botanical names: Wrightia religiosa (Teijsm. & Binn.) Benth. ex Kurz ... homotypic synonyms: Echites religiosus Teijsm. & Binn. ... POWO, retrieved November 05, 2026

Bibliography / etymology / notes

Links listed as references in the notes below, may not remain valid permanently. Portals / websites have a tendency to re-organize / revise their content, leading to change in URLs of pages in their site. Some sites may even close down at their own will. The bits about the languages of India mentioned below are merely some bare facts gathered from the internet; just enough to satisfy curiosity about "where" could the listed names be best prevalent in India. All English transliterated names to be taken sensu amplo.

~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~

written and spoken widely, in most parts of India

lady's earrings, sacred buddhist, water jasmine, wild water plum, wondrous wrightia

• Flowers of India ... (accessed: November 05, 2026)

The English names for this species are neither popular nor commonly recognized by the general public in India. Even local nurseries identify it strictly by its botanical name, Wrightia religiosa, or specifically as the 'Water Jasmine'. Furthermore, as an introduced, exotic plant native to south-east Asia, it does not feature in traditional Indian lexicons, ancient Indian traditional texts like Ayurveda or local folklore, which are the usual sources of rich regional names.

Wild Water Plum is used within Indian gardening groups and online plant databases. Lady's Earrings, Sacred Buddhist, and Wondrous Wrightia are officially recorded botanical common names listed by major Indian biodiversity projects — but, they are less common in casual conversation. A local nursery worker in India might not immediately recognize the plant by these three names.

... compiled from the web.

~~~~~ KNOWN DISTRIBUTION in INDIA ~~~~~

introduced; cultivated for ornamental purpose

... compiled from the web

~~~~~ Created on: 12:34 05-11-2026 ¦ Last updated: 13:27 06-11-2026 (DD-MM-YYYY) ~~~~~

Apocynaceae perennial shrub "Wrightia religiosa" "Echites religiosus" "lady's earrings" "sacred buddhist" "water jasmine" "wild water plum" "wondrous wrightia"

---

.

Wrightia arborea (Dennst.) Mabb.

RITE-ee-a -- named for William Wright, Scottish physician and botanist ... Dave's Botanary
ar-BOR-ee-uh -- tree-like ... Dave's Botanary

commonly known as: woolly dyeing rosebay • Angami: gasiasei • Andamanese Hindi: दुद-लकड़ी dud-lakdi • Assamese: আটকুৰি atkuri, দুধগছ dudhgach, গাৰো দুধখুৰী garo-dudkhuri, সৰু দুধখুৰী horu dudhkhuri • Bengali: দুধ-কোরইয়া dudh-koraiya • Bhili: कुएडा kueda • Chokri: neichi • Dogri: ददुक्ख dadukkh, दुदांह dudangh, दुद्द रुक्ख duddh rukkh • Garo: bol-golmatra • Gujarati: દૂધી dudhi, ઈંદ્રજવમીઠો રૂછાળો indrajavmitho ruchhalo, રૂછાળો દુધલો ruchhalo dudhalo • Hajong: আতকুৰা atkura • Haryanvi: दूधी dudhi • Hindi: दाईरा daira, धरौली dharauli, दूधी dudhi • Jharua: মাক্তা-দুধখুৰী makta-dudhkhuri • Kachari: खलोसिफां-जिग খলছিফাং-জিগ kholosiphang-jig, खलोसिं খলছিং kholosing • Kannada: ಚಿಪ್ಪಾಲೆ ಮರ chippaale mara, ಕಾಡು ಗಣಿಗಲು kaadu-ganigalu, ಕೊಡಸಿಗ kodasiga • Karbi: bengol-arong, bing waisu-arong • Kharwari: खेरुआ kherua, खिरना khirna • Khasi: dieng-panganai • Kokborok: aleng-thing • Kol: तुआर tuar • Konkani: अटगो कुडो atgo kudo, तांबडो कुडो tambdo kudo • Konyak: jatvong • Kuki: aleng • Kumaoni: दरुला darula, धुदी dhudi • Lepcha: ᰜᰬᰜᰬᰮᰈᰨᰢ lelemnyok • Lotha: jemu • Malayalam: അയ്യംപാല ayyampaala, മൈലമ്പാല mailampaala • Marathi: पांडु कुडा pandu kuda, तांबडा कुडा tambda kuda • Marwari: दूधी dudhi, खेमा khema, खिरनी khirni • Mech: जलफल jolphol, थौ-खुरी thou-khuri • Mizo: hleng • Nagpuri: कारी-दूधी kari-dudhi • Nepali: दरुला darulaa, कलिङ्ग kaling, रानी खिर्रो raanee khirro, ठुलो कुरो thulo kuro • Odia: ବଡ଼-କୁରେଇଁ bod-kurhein, ଧୁବୋ-କୁରେ dhubo-kure, ଦୁକୁ-କେରୁଏନ୍ duku keruen, ହରିଡୋ harido, ପାହାଡ଼ି କୁରେଇ pahadi kurei, ପାଳ କୁରୁଆଁ pal kurwan, ଫାଡ଼-କୁର୍ୱାନ phad kurwan, ଫାଉ କୁରୁଣୀ phau kuruni, ସାଞ୍ଚି-କାର୍ଚି sanchi karchi • Pahari: दाईरा daira, धरौली dharauli, दूधी dudhi, केओर keor, खलावा khalawa, किलावा kilawa • Punjabi: ਕੇਓਰ keor, ਖਲਾਵਾ khalawa • Rabha: खलोसिं খলছিং kholosing • Rengma: ajoku chang • Sanskrit: रक्तकुटज rakta-kutaja • Santali: ᱟᱴᱠᱩᱲᱟᱹ atkura, ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱢᱟᱪᱠᱩᱱᱫᱟᱹ buru machkunda • Sumi: khachesu • Tamil: இருப்பாலை iruppaalai, நற்பலம் narpalam, வெட்பாலை vetpaalai • Telugu: అడవి అంకుడు adavi ankudu, కోలముఖి kolamukhi, కోయల మొకిరి koyila mokiri, పాల బరికి paala bariki, పెద్ద పాల pedda paala, పోతి జిల్లేడు poothi jilledu, పుట్ట జిల్లేడు putta jilledu, పుట్ట పాల putta paala, పుట్టు చేయవరాలు puttu cheyavalaru, తెడ్ల పాల tedla paala, తెల్ల పాల tella paala

known for / parts made use of: bark (stem and root), leaves and seeds, wood (timber), latex (sap) ... compiled from the web

botanical names: Wrightia arborea (Dennst.) Mabb. ... homotypic synonyms: Periploca arborea Dennst. ... heterotypic synonyms: Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... and more at POWO, retrieved October 31, 2026

Bibliography / etymology / notes

Links listed as references in the notes below, may not remain valid permanently. Portals / websites have a tendency to re-organize / revise their content, leading to change in URLs of pages in their site. Some sites may even close down at their own will. The bits about the languages of India mentioned below are merely some bare facts gathered from the internet; just enough to satisfy curiosity about "where" could the listed names be best prevalent in India. All English transliterated names to be taken sensu amplo.

~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~

written and spoken widely, in most parts of India

woolly dyeing rosebay

• Flowers of India ... (accessed: October 31, 2026)
• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... University of Madras. Tamil lexicon. [Madras], University of Madras, 1924-1936.

~~~~~ ANGAMI ~~~~~

written in: Latin ... spoken in: Nagaland ... other names for this language: Gnamei, Ngami, Tsoghami, Tsugumi, Monr, Tsanglo, Tenyidie

gasiasei

• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... NEPED and IIRR. 1999. Building Upon Traditional Agriculture in Nagaland, India. Nagaland Environmental Protection and Economic Development, Nagaland, India and International Institute of Rural Reconstruction, Silang, Cavite, 4118 Philippines

~~~~~ ANDAMANESE HINDI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari ... spoken in: Andaman and Nicobar Islands ... other names for this language: Island Hindi, Settler Hindi ... spoken by: Local settler communities and Ranchi/Forest migrations

दुद-लकड़ी dud-lakdi

• Prasad, Rama Chandra & Chintala, Sudhakar Reddy & Raza, Sajid & Dutt, C.. (2008). Folklore medicinal plants of North Andaman Islands, India. Fitoterapia. 79. 458-64. 10.1016/j.fitote.2008.03.007. ... (downloaded: November 04, 2026)

~~~~~ ASSAMESE ~~~~~

written in: Assamese (অসমীয়া) ... spoken in: Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya

আটকুৰি atkuri

• Flowers of India ... (accessed: October 31, 2026)
• Many thanks to Farmer Tridip Gogoi for help with this name ... facebook

দুধগছ dudhgach, গাৰো দুধখুৰী garo-dudkhuri, সৰু দুধখুৰী horu dudhkhuri

• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das, R N De - Flora of Assam - Vol III

~~~~~ BENGALI ~~~~~

written in: Bengali (বাংলা) ... spoken in: West Bengal, Assam, Jharkhand, Tripura, Andaman & Nicobar Islands

দুধ-কোরইয়া dudh-koraiya (or dudh-kuraiya দুধ-কুড়ৈয়া)

• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... PRAIN, DAVID - BENGAL PLANTS - VOL. II
• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... Mukhopadhyay, D. P. & Chakraverty, R. K. (2008) — PLANT WEALTH OF THE RAJ BHAVAN KOLKATA — Occasional Paper - 5 from Raj Bhavan, Kolkata ... (accessed: September 23, 2026)

Koraiya কোরইয়া or Kuraiya কুড়ৈয়া — A historical regional dialect variant of the standard word 'Kurchi' (কুড়চি), commonly omitted in standard language lexicons due to its purely localized oral nature. ... compiled from the web.

~~~~~ BHILI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (भीली), Gujarati (ભીલી) ... spoken in: Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra ... other names or dialects of this language: Bhilboli, Bhagoria, Garasia, Vagadi (or Wagdi)

कुएडा kueda (variant: कुएड़ा kueda)

• Wagh, Vijay & Jain, Ashok. (2014). Floristic Diversity of Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh, India. 6. 146-167. 10.5829/idosi.ajps.2013.6.4.1116. ... (downloaded: Nov 12, 2024)

~~~~~ CHOKRI ~~~~~

written in: Latin ... spoken in: Nagaland, Manipur ... other names for this language: Chakhesang (in part), Chakrü, Chokri, Eastern Angami ... spoken by: Chakhesang Naga people (specifically the Chokri group)

neichi

• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... NEPED and IIRR. 1999. Building Upon Traditional Agriculture in Nagaland, India. Nagaland Environmental Protection and Economic Development, Nagaland, India and International Institute of Rural Reconstruction, Silang, Cavite, 4118 Philippines

~~~~~ DOGRI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (डोगरी) ... spoken in: Jammu & Kashmir ... spoken by the Dogras

ददुक्ख dadukkh, दुदांह dudangh

• Many thanks to OM Prakash Vidyarthi for help with these names ... facebook

दुद्द रुक्ख duddh rukkh

• Many thanks to OM Prakash Vidyarthi for help with this name ... facebook

~~~~~ GARO ~~~~~

written in: Roman, Bengali-Assamese, A-Chik Tok'birim ... spoken in: Meghalaya, Assam

bol-golmatra (variants: bolmatra, bolmatma)

• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das, R N De - Flora of Assam - Vol III

~~~~~ GUJARATI ~~~~~

written in: Gujarati (ગુજરાતી) ... spoken in: Gujarat, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu

દૂધી dudhi

• S Rajendra Kumar, S Kalavathy (2010) - Floristic status and its conservation in the forests of the north Gujarat region (NGR) Gujarat, India :: Chapter 4 :: Shodhganga :: a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET
• Solanki, Hitesh & Gamit, Binang & Maurya, Rupesh & Qureshimatva, Umerfaruq. (2015). CHECK LIST OF FLOWERING PLANTS IN TAPI DISTRICT, GUJARAT, INDIA. International Journal of Advanced Research. Volume 3. 1104 - 1123. ... (downloaded: Feb 9, 2022)

ઈંદ્રજવમીઠો રૂછાળો indrajavmitho ruchhalo

• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... વનસ્પતીઓ ના ગુજરાતી તથા બોટનીકલ નામ ની યાદી :: સંકલન કર્તા વૈધ શ્રી કે,જે,ઝાલા ... (downloaded: 19 Jan 2026)

રૂછાળો દુધલો ruchhalo dudhalo (or દુધલો dudhalo)

• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... વનસ્પતીઓ ના ગુજરાતી તથા બોટનીકલ નામ ની યાદી :: સંકલન કર્તા વૈધ શ્રી કે,જે,ઝાલા ... (downloaded: 19 Jan 2026)
• S Rajendra Kumar, S Kalavathy (2010) - Floristic status and its conservation in the forests of the north Gujarat region (NGR) Gujarat, India :: Chapter 4 :: Shodhganga :: a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET
• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... Yadav, Shri Ram - A contribution to the floristics and phytosociology of some parts of South Gujarat :: Chapter 1 :: Shodhganga - a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET

~~~~~ HAJONG ~~~~~

written in: Bengali-Assamese (হাজং), Latin ... spoken in: Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, and West Bengal

আতকুৰা atkura

• Deka, Dipali (2007) - Ethno medico botanical study of certain tribes of Goalpara district, Assam :: Chapter 5 - Shodhganga :: a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET

~~~~~ HARYANVI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (हरियाणवी or हरयाणवी) ... spoken in: Haryana, Delhi

दूधी dudhi

• Haryana Forest Flora - A Comprehensive Database of Ligneous Plants of Haryana (India) ... (accessed: November 03, 2026)

~~~~~ HINDI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (हिन्दी) ... spoken in: Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand

दाईरा daira (variants: दइरा daira, धैरा dhaira), धरौली dharauli, दूधी dudhi

• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... Shri R L Badhwar and Dr R R Fernandez - Edible Wild Plants of the Himalayas - The Forest Research Institute and Colleges, Dehra Dun

~~~~~ JHARUA ~~~~~

written in: Bengali-Assamese, Latin ... spoken in: Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, West Bengal ... a dialect of Assamese, spoken by Kochs and Hajongs

মাক্তা-দুধখুৰী makta-dudhkhuri

• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das, R N De - Flora of Assam - Vol III

~~~~~ KACHARI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari, Bengali-Assamese, Latin ... spoken in: Assam, Nagaland ... other names for this language: Cachari, Plains Kachari (Boro or Bara) and Hill Kachari (Dimasa)

खलोसिफां-जिग খলছিফাং-জিগ kholosiphang-jig, खलोसिं খলছিং kholosing

• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das, R N De - Flora of Assam - Vol III

~~~~~ KANNADA ~~~~~

written in: Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ) ... spoken in: Karnataka

ಚಿಪ್ಪಾಲೆ ಮರ chippaale mara

• P S Udayan - Floristic inventory in the seven medicinal plants conservation areas MPCAs of Karnataka, India :: Chapter 8 :: Shodhganga - a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET

ಕಾಡು ಗಣಿಗಲು kaadu-ganigalu (variant: ಕಾಡು ಗಣುಗಲು kaadu-ganagalu)

• Parimala, R & Hegde, G R (2011) - Flora of Dharwad district - Part 1 :: Chapter 1 :: Shodhganga :: a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET
• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... Cameron, John, F. L. S. — Catalogue of Plants in the Botanical Garden, Bangalore, and its vicinity ... (downloaded: Sep 5, 2020)

ಕೊಡಸಿಗ kodasiga

• Imran Baig - Plants of Mahatma Gandhi Botanical Garden - A biodiversity heritage site ... (downloaded: Nov 17, 2023)

~~~~~ KARBI ~~~~~

written in: Roman ... spoken in: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland ... other names for this language: Mikir or Arleng

bengol-arong (variants: bongoi-arong, bengoi), bing waisu-arong

• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das, R N De - Flora of Assam - Vol III

~~~~~ KHARWARI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari, Odia, or Bengali ... spoken in: Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, and Bihar ... other names for this language: Kherwari (or Kherwarian)

खेरुआ kherua, खिरना khirna

• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... A forest flora of Chota Nagpur including Gangpur and the Santal-Parganahs by Haines, Henry Haselfoot, 1867-1943

~~~~~ KHASI ~~~~~

written in: Latin (Khasi alphabet), Bengali-Assamese ... spoken in: Meghalaya, Assam

dieng-panganai (variant: punkanai)

• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das, R N De - Flora of Assam - Vol III

~~~~~ KOKBOROK ~~~~~

written in: Koloma, Latin, Bengali–Assamese (ককবরক), Kokmari ... spoken in: Tripura ... other names for this language: Tripuri, Kokbarak, Tippera, Tipra, Trippera

aleng-thing

• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das, R N De - Flora of Assam - Vol III

~~~~~ KOL ~~~~~

written in: Warang Chiti (or Barang Kshiti, Varang Kshiti), Devanagari ... spoken in: Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal ... spoken by: Kol people

तुआर tuar

• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... A forest flora of Chota Nagpur including Gangpur and the Santal-Parganahs by Haines, Henry Haselfoot, 1867-1943

~~~~~ KONKANI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (कोंकणी) / Kannada (ಕೊಂಕಣಿ) / Malayalam (കൊങ്കണി) / Perso-Arabic (کونکنی) / Romi (Konknni) ... spoken in: Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala, Gujarat

अटगो कुडो atgo kudo, तांबडो कुडो tambdo kudo

• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... Dalgado, Daniel Gelanio. Flora de Goa e Savantvadi: catalogo methodico das plantas medicinaes, alimentares e industriaes. Portugal, Imprensa Nacional, 1898. ... (downloaded: 21 Sept 2020)
• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... V D Vartak (1966) - Enumeration of plants from Gomantak India with a note on botanical excursions to the Castlerock area :: Chapter 5 :: Shodhganga :: a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET

~~~~~ KONYAK ~~~~~

written in: Latin ... spoken in: Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh ... other names for this language: Konyak Naga, Kanyak, Konyak ... spoken by: Konyak Naga people

jatvong

• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... NEPED and IIRR. 1999. Building Upon Traditional Agriculture in Nagaland, India. Nagaland Environmental Protection and Economic Development, Nagaland, India and International Institute of Rural Reconstruction, Silang, Cavite, 4118 Philippines

~~~~~ KUKI ~~~~~

written in: Roman ... spoken in: Manipur, Assam, Nagaland ... other names for this language:Thado, Thado-Pao, Thado-Ubiphei, Thaadou Kuki

aleng

• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das, R N De - Flora of Assam - Vol III

~~~~~ KUMAONI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari ... spoken in: Uttarakhand

दरुला darula, धुदी dhudi (variant of: दूधी dudhi)

• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... Shri R L Badhwar and Dr R R Fernandez - Edible Wild Plants of the Himalayas - The Forest Research Institute and Colleges, Dehra Dun
• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... Osmaston, A. E. 1927. A Forest Flora for Kumaon. Govt. Press, Allahabad. ... (downloaded: Aug 31, 2023)

~~~~~ LEPCHA ~~~~~

written in: Lepcha (or Róng), Tibetan ... spoken in: Sikkim, West Bengal

ᰜᰬᰜᰬᰮᰈᰨᰢ lelemnyok

• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... Shri R L Badhwar and Dr R R Fernandez - Edible Wild Plants of the Himalayas - The Forest Research Institute and Colleges, Dehra Dun

~~~~~ LOTHA ~~~~~

written in: Latin ... spoken in: Nagaland, Assam ... other names for this language: Chizima, Choimi, Hlota, Kyong, Lhota, Lutha, Miklai, Tsindir, and Tsontsii ... spoken by: the Lothas, also known as Kyongs

jemu

• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... Jamir, N.S. & Takatemjen, & Limasemba,. (2010). Traditional knowledge of Lotha-Naga tribes in Wokha district, Nagaland. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge. 9. 45-48. ... (downloaded: Sep 2, 2023)

~~~~~ MALAYALAM ~~~~~

written in: Malayalam (മലയാളം) ... spoken in: Kerala, Lakshadweep

അയ്യംപാല ayyampaala

• AnilKumar N., Salim P.M., Balakrishnan V., Sivan V.V. (2001) - Medicinal Plants known from Wayanad - M S Swaminathan Research Foundation ... (downloaded: July 6, 2023)

മൈലമ്പാല mailampaala (variant: മയിലംപാല mayilampaala)

• വിക്കിപീഡിയ - സ്വതന്ത്രസർവ്വവിജ്ഞാനകോശം ... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia ... (accessed: November 02, 2026)
• AnilKumar N., Salim P.M., Balakrishnan V., Sivan V.V. (2001) - Medicinal Plants known from Wayanad - M S Swaminathan Research Foundation ... (downloaded: July 6, 2023)

~~~~~ MARATHI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (मराठी) ... spoken in: Maharashtra, Karnataka

पांडु कुडा pandu kuda

• Pratibha Pande, Ana Margarida Pereira - A Reference Guide :: Goa’s National Park and Wildlife Sanctuaries (2014) - Forest Department, Government of Goa

तांबडा कुडा tambda kuda

• The Gazetteer Department - Maharashtra State ... महाराष्ट्रातील वनस्पतीशास्त्र आणि वनसंपदा ... (downloaded: Sep 5, 2020)

~~~~~ MARWARI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (मारवाड़ी) ... spoken in: Rajasthan, Gujarat (border areas) ... other names for this language: Rajasthani (in part), Marvadi, Desert Hindi ... spoken by: Marwari people

दूधी dudhi, खिरनी khirni

• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... Bundi - Forest Department - Rajasthan Government ... (downloaded: Sep 21, 2020)

खेमा khema

• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... Barmer - Forest Department - Rajasthan Government ... (downloaded: Jul 1, 2025)

~~~~~ MECH ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari, Roman ... spoken by: Mech people (Bodos of north West Bengal)

जलफल jolphol, थौ-खुरी thou-khuri

• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das, R N De - Flora of Assam - Vol III

~~~~~ MIZO ~~~~~

written in: Latin, Bengali-Assamese ... spoken in: Mizoram ... other names for this language: Lushai, Duhlian

hleng

• Kar, An & Bora, Devanjal & Borthakur, Sashin & Goswami, N & Saharia, Daizi. (2013). WILD EDIBLE PLANT RESOURCES USED BY THE MIZOS OF MIZORAM, INDIA. KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY. 9. 106-126. (downloaded: Nov 15, 2021)
• O. P. Singh et al. - State of Environment Report of Mizoram 2016 - Department of Environment, Forests & Climate Change, Government of Mizoram ... (downloaded: Feb 9, 2022)
• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... R.Thansanga - Mizoram Hmulphurh leh Thlai Hmingte (Mizo - Botanical names) THUHMAHRUAI ... (downloaded: Aug 30, 2023)

~~~~~ NAGPURI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (नागपुरी), Kaithi (historically) ... spoken in: Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha ... spoken by: Nagpuria people, also Nagpuri or Sadan ... other names for this language: Sadri, Sadani

कारी-दूधी kari-dudhi

• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... Singh, Harish. (2008). ETHNO-MEDICINAL PLANTS OF JHARKHAND, INDIA. ... (downloaded: July 18, 2026)

~~~~~ NEPALI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (नेपाली) ... spoken in: Nepal, West Bengal, Assam, Sikkim, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Jammu & Kashmir

दरुला darulaa, कलिङ्ग kaling, रानी खिर्रो raanee khirro, ठुलो कुरो thulo kuro

• Many thanks to Saroj Kumar Kasaju for help with these names ... eFloraofIndia

~~~~~ ODIA ~~~~~

written in: Odia (ଓଡ଼ିଆ) ... spoken in: Odisha, Andaman & Nicobar Islands

ବଡ଼-କୁରେଇଁ bod-kurhein

• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... Forest Survey of India — Report Resourcers of Koraput District of Orissa State ... (downloaded: Feb 9, 2022)
• United Nations Development Programme & Ministry of Environment and Forests. (2012). Community Conserved Areas: Odisha and Madhya Pradesh – Directory. New Delhi, India. ... (downloaded: December 31, 2017)

ଧୁବୋ-କୁରେ dhubo-kure (or ଧୋବ-କୁରେ dhoba-kure), ଦୁକୁ-କେରୁଏନ୍ duku keruen, ସାଞ୍ଚି-କାର୍ଚି sanchi karchi

• United Nations Development Programme & Ministry of Environment and Forests. (2012). Community Conserved Areas: Odisha and Madhya Pradesh – Directory. New Delhi, India. ... (downloaded: December 31, 2017)

ହରିଡୋ harido, ପାଳ କୁରୁଆଁ pal kurwan

• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... PRAIN, DAVID - BENGAL PLANTS - VOL. II
• United Nations Development Programme & Ministry of Environment and Forests. (2012). Community Conserved Areas: Odisha and Madhya Pradesh – Directory. New Delhi, India. ... (downloaded: December 31, 2017)

ପାହାଡ଼ି କୁରେଇ pahadi kurei

• Sethi, Jashabanta & Kumar, Sanjeet & Supriya Devi, Rajkumari & Mishra, Sweta & Marndi, Sugimani & Rout, Subhalakshmi & Jena, Nibedita. (2026). Floral Diversity of Rourkela Forest Division, Odisha. ... (downloaded: June 27, 2026)
• Kumar, Sanjeet & Mishra, Sweta & Mishra, Arun & Kumar N, Sanath. (2023). Floral Diversity of Koira and Barsuan Ranges, Bonai Forest Division, Odisha ... (downloaded: Aug 26, 2024)

ଫାଡ଼-କୁର୍ୱାନ phad kurwan (or ଫାଡ଼-କୁରୁଆଁ kuruan)

• Das P K, Sahoo T, Panda P C. Forest trees of Odisha, India: An updated checklist. Plant Science Today. 2022; 9(4): 1021–1031. ... (downloaded: Aug 29, 2023)
• United Nations Development Programme & Ministry of Environment and Forests. (2012). Community Conserved Areas: Odisha and Madhya Pradesh – Directory. New Delhi, India. ... (downloaded: December 31, 2017)

ଫାଉ କୁରୁଣୀ phau kuruni

• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... Praharaj, G.C. Pūrṇṇachandra Orḍiā bhāshākosha: a lexicon of the Oriya language. Cuttack: Utkal Sahitya Press, 1931-1940.
• United Nations Development Programme & Ministry of Environment and Forests. (2012). Community Conserved Areas: Odisha and Madhya Pradesh – Directory. New Delhi, India. ... (downloaded: December 31, 2017)

~~~~~ PAHARI (or PAHADI) ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (पहाड़ी), Perso-Arabic (پہاڑی) ... variety of languages, dialects and language groups, spoken in Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand

दाईरा daira, धरौली dharauli, दूधी dudhi, केओर keor, खलावा khalawa, किलावा kilawa

• Green Audit Report — Swami Vivekanand Government College, Ghumarwin, District Bilaspur (H.P.) ... (accessed: July 26, 2026)

~~~~~ PUNJABI ~~~~~

written in: Gurmukhi (ਪੰਜਾਬੀ) ... spoken in: Punjab

ਕੇਓਰ keor, ਖਲਾਵਾ khalawa (variant: ਕਿਲਾਵਾ kilawa)

• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... Shri R L Badhwar and Dr R R Fernandez - Edible Wild Plants of the Himalayas - The Forest Research Institute and Colleges, Dehra Dun

~~~~~ RABHA ~~~~~

written in: Assamese (ৰাভা), Bengali, English ... spoken in: Assam, Nagaland, West Bengal, Meghalaya

खलोसिं খলছিং kholosing

• Deka, Dipali (2007) - Ethno medico botanical study of certain tribes of Goalpara district, Assam :: Chapter 5 - Shodhganga :: a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET

~~~~~ RENGMA ~~~~~

written in: Latin ... spoken in: Nagaland, Assam, Manipur ... other names for this language: Injang, Moiyui, Mon, Mozhumi, Nzong, Nzonyu, Southern Rengma, Unza, Western Rengma ... spoken by: the Rengma Nagas

ajoku chang

• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... NEPED and IIRR. 1999. Building Upon Traditional Agriculture in Nagaland, India. Nagaland Environmental Protection and Economic Development, Nagaland, India and International Institute of Rural Reconstruction, Silang, Cavite, 4118 Philippines

~~~~~ SANSKRIT ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (संस्कृतम्) ... used all over India by priests and scholars

रक्तकुटज rakta-kutaja

This specific classification is found in the classical Nighantus — ancient Ayurvedic pharmacological lexicons — compiled by historical Vaidyas to systematically differentiate this red-shifting, woolly species from its crisp, white-flowered sibling trees. ... compiled from the web.

~~~~~ SANTALI ~~~~~

written in: Ol Chiki (ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ), Bengali (সাঁওতালী), Odia (ସାନ୍ତାଳୀ), Devanagari (सान्ताली), Roman ... spoken in: Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha

ᱟᱴᱠᱩᱲᱟᱹ atkura

• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ - ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱲᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia
• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... Campbell, A., of the Santal mission A Santali-English dictionary Pokhuria, India : Santal Mission Press, 1899
• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... PRAIN, DAVID - BENGAL PLANTS - VOL. II

ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱢᱟᱪᱠᱩᱱᱫᱟᱹ buru machkunda

• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ - ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱲᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia
• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... A forest flora of Chota Nagpur including Gangpur and the Santal-Parganahs by Haines, Henry Haselfoot, 1867-1943
• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... PRAIN, DAVID - BENGAL PLANTS - VOL. II

~~~~~ SÜMI ~~~~~

written in: Latin ... spoken in: Nagaland, Assam ... other names for this language: Sema, Sumi Naga, Simi ... spoken by: Sumi Naga people

khachesu

• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... NEPED and IIRR. 1999. Building Upon Traditional Agriculture in Nagaland, India. Nagaland Environmental Protection and Economic Development, Nagaland, India and International Institute of Rural Reconstruction, Silang, Cavite, 4118 Philippines

~~~~~ TAMIL ~~~~~

written in: Tamil (தமிழ்) ... spoken in: Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Andaman & Nicobar Islands

இருப்பாலை iruppaalai

• Yercaud Ilango - Tamil names of Botanical names ... (downloaded: Jun 23, 2022)

நற்பலம் narpalam

• for woolly dyeing rosebay ... University of Madras. Tamil lexicon. [Madras], University of Madras, 1924-1936.

வெட்பாலை vetpaalai

• for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... University of Madras. Tamil lexicon. [Madras], University of Madras, 1924-1936.

~~~~~ TELUGU ~~~~~

written in: Telugu ( తెలుగు) ... spoken in: Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Puducherry

అడవి అంకుడు adavi ankudu, కోలముఖి kolamukhi, కోయల మొకిరి koyila mokiri, పాల బరికి paala bariki, పెద్ద పాల pedda paala, పోతి జిల్లేడు poothi jilledu, పుట్ట జిల్లేడు putta jilledu, పుట్ట పాల putta paala, పుట్టు చేయవరాలు puttu cheyavalaru, తెడ్ల పాల tedla paala (variant: పెద్ద తెడ్ల పాల pedda tedla paala), తెల్ల పాల tella paala

• Flora Andhrika - Plant Wealth of Andhra Pradesh, India ... (accessed: November 03, 2026)

~~~~~ KNOWN DISTRIBUTION in INDIA ~~~~~

Andaman islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal

• Hassler, Michael (1994 - 2026): World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. Version 26.10; last update Oct. 29th, 2026. Last accessed 29/10/2026 (dd/mm/yyyy).
• ARUNACHAL PRADESH, ASSAM, MANIPUR, MEGHALAYA, TRIPURA :: for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das, R N De - Flora of Assam - Vol III
• CHHATTISGARH :: for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... Singh, Harish. (2008). ETHNO-MEDICINAL PLANTS OF JHARKHAND, INDIA. ... (downloaded: July 18, 2026)
• GOA :: Datar, Mandar & Lakshminarasimhan, P.. (2013). Check List of Wild Angiosperms of Bhagwan Mahavir (Molem) National Park, Goa, India. Check List. 9. 186-207. 10.15560/9.2.186. ... (downloaded: Oct 17, 2022)
• GUJARAT :: CHECKLIST OF FLORA OF GUJARAT
• HARYANA :: Haryana Forest Flora - A Comprehensive Database of Ligneous Plants of Haryana (India) ... (accessed: November 03, 2026)
• HIMACHAL PRADESH :: Green Audit Report — Swami Vivekanand Government College, Ghumarwin, District Bilaspur (H.P.) ... (accessed: July 26, 2026)
• JAMMU & KASHMIR :: Glossary of some plant species in Jammu and Kashmir - Jammu and Kashmir Forest Department ... (downloaded: Feb 9, 2022)
• JHARKHAND :: for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... A forest flora of Chota Nagpur including Gangpur and the Santal-Parganahs by Haines, Henry Haselfoot, 1867-1943
• MADHYA PRADESH :: Wagh, Vijay & Jain, Ashok. (2014). Floristic Diversity of Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh, India. 6. 146-167. 10.5829/idosi.ajps.2013.6.4.1116. ... (downloaded: Nov 12, 2024)
• MIZORAM :: O. P. Singh et al. - State of Environment Report of Mizoram 2016 - Department of Environment, Forests & Climate Change, Government of Mizoram ... (downloaded: Feb 9, 2022)
• NAGALAND :: for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... NEPED and IIRR. 1999. Building Upon Traditional Agriculture in Nagaland, India. Nagaland Environmental Protection and Economic Development, Nagaland, India and International Institute of Rural Reconstruction, Silang, Cavite, 4118 Philippines
• ODISHA :: Das P K, Sahoo T, Panda P C. Forest trees of Odisha, India: An updated checklist. Plant Science Today. 2022; 9(4): 1021–1031. ... (downloaded: Aug 29, 2023)
• PUNJAB :: for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... Bamber, Charles James - Plants of the Punjab : a descriptive key to the flora of the Punjab, North-west Frontier Province, and Kashmir, the names of plants listed in this book are a mix of Punjabi, Hindi and Urdu ... (downloaded: Jan 7, 2023)
• RAJASTHAN :: for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... Barmer - Forest Department - Rajasthan Government ... (downloaded: Jul 1, 2025)
• UTTARAKHAND :: for Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. ... Osmaston, A. E. 1927. A Forest Flora for Kumaon. Govt. Press, Allahabad. ... (downloaded: Aug 31, 2023)

~~~~~ Created on: 16:24 31-10-2026 ¦ Last updated: 16:05 04-11-2026 (DD-MM-YYYY) ~~~~~

Apocynaceae deciduous tree "Wrightia arborea" "Periploca arborea" "Wrightia tomentosa" "woolly dyeing rosebay"

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