Languages of India

According to the Census of India of 2001, India has 122 major languages and 1599 other languages. However, figures from other sources vary, primarily due to differences in the definition of the terms "language" and "dialect". The 2001 Census recorded 30 languages which were spoken by more than a million native speakers and 122 which were spoken by more than 10,000 people.

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~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~

written and spoken widely, in most parts of India

~~~~~ ABOR ~~~~~

written in: Latin ... spoken in: Arunachal Pradesh ... Abor is one of the two groups of the various languages and dialects of the Adi people, other being Lhoba, spoken by Lobha people of south-eastern Tibet

~~~~~ ADI ~~~~~

written in: Latin ... spoken in: Arunachal Pradesh

~~~~~ APATANI ~~~~~

written in: Roman ... spoken in: Arunachal Pradesh ... other names for this language: Apa Tani, Tanw

~~~~~ ARABIC ~~~~~

written in: Arabic (عَرَبِيّ) ... spoken in: various states of India ... Wikipedia

~~~~~ ASSAMESE ~~~~~

written in: Assamese (অসমীয়া) ... spoken in: Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya

~~~~~ AWADHI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (अवधी/औधी), Perso-Arabic, Latin-Roman ... spoken in: Uttar Pradesh ... other names for this language: Audhi

~~~~~ BENGALI ~~~~~

written in: Bengali (বাংলা) ... spoken in: West Bengal, Assam, Jharkhand, Tripura, Andaman & Nicobar Islands

~~~~~ BHOJPURI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (भोजपुरी) ... spoken in: eastern Uttar Pradesh, western Bihar and northwestern Jharkhand

~~~~~ BISHNUPRIYA MANIPURI ~~~~~

written in: Bengali-Assamese (বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী) ... spoken in: Assam, Tripura, Manipur ... other names for this language: Bishnupriya Meitei

~~~~~ BODO ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari or Latin ... spoken in: Assam ... other names for this language: Boro

~~~~~ DIMASA ~~~~~

written in: Bengali-Assamese, Devanagari, Latin ... spoken in: Assam, Nagaland ... other names for this language: Hill Kachari

~~~~~ DOGRI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (डोगरी) ... spoken in: Jammu & Kashmir ... spoken by the Dogras

~~~~~ GALO ~~~~~

written in: Latin ... spoken in: Arunachal Pradesh

~~~~~ GARHWALI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari ... spoken in: Uttarakhand

~~~~~ GARO ~~~~~

written in: Roman, Bengali-Assamese, A-Chik Tok'birim ... spoken in: Meghalaya, Assam

~~~~~ GONDI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (गोंडी), Gunjala Gondi, Masaram Gondi, Telugu ... spoken in: Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana ... native name of this language: Koitur

~~~~~ GUJARATI ~~~~~

written in: Gujarati (ગુજરાતી) ... spoken in: Gujarat, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu

~~~~~ HINDI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (हिन्दी) ... spoken in: Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan

~~~~~ INPUI ~~~~~

written in: Roman ... spoken in: Manipur ... other names for this language: Puiron, spoken by Naga people in Manipur

~~~~~ JAINTIA ~~~~~

written in: Roman ... spoken in: Meghalaya, Assam ... exonyms: Jaintia, Synteng; endonym: Pnar

~~~~~ JHARUA ~~~~~

written in: Bengali-Assamese, Latin ... spoken in: Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, West Bengal ... a dialect of Assamese, spoken by Kochs and Hajongs

~~~~~ KACHARI ~~~~~

written in: Bengali-Assamese, Devanagari, Latin ... spoken in: Assam, Nagaland ... other names for this language: Plains Kachari (Boro or Bara) and Hill Kachari (Dimasa)

~~~~~ KACHCHHI ~~~~~

written in: Gujarati (કચ્છી), Sindhi (ڪڇّي) ... spoken in: Kutch region of Gujarat

~~~~~ KANNADA ~~~~~

written in: Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ) ... spoken in: Karnataka

~~~~~ KARBI ~~~~~

written in: Roman ... spoken in: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland ... other names for this language: Mikir or Arleng

~~~~~ KASHMIRI ~~~~~

written in: Koshur (Perso-Arabic كٲشُر), Devanagari (कश्मीरी), ... spoken in: Kashmir

~~~~~ KHASI ~~~~~

written in: Latin (Khasi alphabet), Bengali-Assamese ... spoken in: Meghalaya, Assam

~~~~~ KHAMTI ~~~~~

written in: Lik-Tai [Khamti variation of Burmese (တဲး)ၵမ်းတီႈ / (တဲး)ၵံးတီႈ] ... spoken by: Tai-Khampti people in Arunachal Pradesh, Assam ... other names for this language: Khampti

~~~~~ KOCH ~~~~~

written in: Assamese, Bengali, Roman ... spoken in: Meghalaya, Assam, West Bengal

~~~~~ KOKBOROK ~~~~~

written in: Roman, Bengali ... spoken in: Tripura ... other names for this language: Tripuri, Kokbarak, Tippera, Trippera

~~~~~ KONKANI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (कोंकणी), Kannada (ಕೊಂಕಣಿ), Malayalam (കൊംകണീ), Perso-Arabic (کونکنی), Romi (Konknni) ... spoken in: Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala, Gujarat

~~~~~ KUI ~~~~~

written in: Odia (କୁଇ) ... spoken in: Odisha ... spoken by the Kandhas ... other names for this language: Kandh, Khondi, Khond, Khondo, Kanda, Kodu, Kodulu, Kuinga, Kuy

~~~~~ KUKI ~~~~~

written in: Roman ... spoken in: Manipur, Assam, Nagaland ... other names for this language:Thado, Thado-Pao, Thado-Ubiphei, Thaadou Kuki

~~~~~ KUMAONI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari ... spoken in: Uttarakhand

~~~~~ LADAKHI ~~~~~

written in: Tibetan (ལ་དྭགས་སྐད་) ... spoken in: Ladakh

~~~~~ LEPCHA ~~~~~

written in: Lepcha (or Róng), Tibetan ... spoken in: Sikkim, West Bengal

~~~~~ LOTHA ~~~~~

written in: Roman ... spoken in: Nagaland, Assam ... other names for this language: Chizima, Choimi, Hlota, Kyong, Lhota, Lutha, Miklai, Tsindir, and Tsontsii ... spoken by: the Lothas, also known as Kyongs

~~~~~ MAGADHI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari, Kaithi ... spoken in: Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal

~~~~~ MAITHILI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (मैथिली) ... spoken in: Bihar, Jharkhand

~~~~~ MECH ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari, Roman ... spoken by: Mech people (Bodos of north West Bengal)

~~~~~ MALAYALAM ~~~~~

written in: Malayalam (മലയാളം) ... spoken in: Kerala

~~~~~ MALVANI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (मालवणी) ... spoken in: Maharashtra (only in the Sindhudurg district), north Goa (especially Pernem taluka) ... a dialect of Konkani with significant Marathi influences and loanwords

~~~~~ MANIPURI ~~~~~

written in: Meiteilon (ꯃꯩꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ) ... spoken in: Manipur ... other names for this language: Meetei

~~~~~ MARATHI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (मराठी) ... spoken in: Maharashtra, Karnataka

~~~~~ MISHING ~~~~~

written in: Assamese, Devanagari, Latin ... spoken in: Assam ... other names for this language: Mising, Plains Miri

~~~~~ MIZO ~~~~~

written in: Latin, Bengali-Assamese ... spoken in: Mizoram ... other names for this language: Lushai, Duhlian

~~~~~ MUNDARI ~~~~~

written in: Mundari Bani, Odia, Devanagari, Bengali, Latin ... spoken in: Jharkhand, Odisha

~~~~~ NAGAMESE ~~~~~

written in: Roman ... spoken in: Nagaland ... the Naga languages are a geographic and ethnic grouping of languages, spoken mostly by Naga peoples

~~~~~ NEPALI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (नेपाली) ... spoken in: Nepal, West Bengal, Assam, Sikkim

~~~~~ NYISHI ~~~~~

written in: Latin ... spoken in: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam ... other names for this language: Nishi, Nisi, Nishang, Nissi, Nyising, Leil, Aya, Akang, Bangni-Bangru, Solung

~~~~~ ODIA ~~~~~

written in: Odia (ଓଡ଼ିଆ) ... spoken in: Odisha, Andaman & Nicobar Islands

~~~~~ PALI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (पालि) ... used by priests and scholars

~~~~~ PERSIAN ~~~~~

written in: Farsi (فارسی) ... almost a defunct language; spoken in: West Bengal, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Bihar

~~~~~ PUNJABI ~~~~~

written in: Gurmukhi (ਪੰਜਾਬੀ) ... spoken in: Punjab

~~~~~ RAJASTHANI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (राजस्थानी) ... spoken in: Rajasthan

~~~~~ RONGMEI ~~~~~

written in: Meitei ... spoken in: Manipur, Nagaland, Assam ... other names for this language: Ruangmei, Songbu ... spoken by the Rongmei Naga community (also known as Kabui people, Inpui people)

~~~~~ SANSKRIT ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (संस्कृतम्) ... used all over India by priests and scholars

~~~~~ SANTALI ~~~~~

written in: Ol Chiki (ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ), Bengali (সাঁওতালী), Odia (ସାନ୍ତାଳୀ), Devanagari (सान्ताली), Roman ... spoken in: Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha

~~~~~ SINDHI ~~~~~

written in: Perso-Arabic (سِنڌِي), Devanagari (सिन्धी) ... spoken in: Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan

~~~~~ TAGIN ~~~~~

written in: Roman ... spoken in: Arunachal Pradesh ... other names for this language: West Dafla, Bangni ... spoken by: Tagin people or Ghasi Miri people

~~~~~ TAI AITON ~~~~~

written in: Burmese (Aiton variation, called Lik-Tai), Assamese ... spoken in: Assam ... Tai family of languages spoken in nort-east India: Tai Ahom, Tai Phake, Tai Aiton, Tai Turung, Tai Khamyang and Tai Khamti

~~~~~ TAMIL ~~~~~

written in: Tamil (தமிழ்) ... spoken in: Tamil Nadu, Andaman & Nicobar Islands

~~~~~ TANGSA ~~~~~

written in: Tangsa, Latin ... spoken in: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam ... other names for this language: Tase and Tase Naga ... spoken by: Tangshang people or Tangsa Naga

~~~~~ TELUGU ~~~~~

written in: Telugu ( తెలుగు) ... spoken in: Andhra Pradesh, Telangana

~~~~~ TIBETAN ~~~~~

written in: Tibetan ... spoken in: Tibet, Jammu, Kashmir & Ladakh, Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bhutan

~~~~~ TIPPERA ~~~~~

written in: Roman, Bengali ... spoken in: Tripura ... other names for this language: Tripuri, Kokbarak, Kokborok, Trippera

~~~~~ TULU ~~~~~

written in: Kannada, Malayalam ... spoken in: Karnataka, north Kerala

~~~~~ URDU ~~~~~

written in: Urdu (اردو) ... spoken in: Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka

~~~~~ Last updated: 17-12-2023 ~~~~~