pe-DAH-li-um -- pedalion, a rudder, dilated angles of the fruit ... Loudon's Hortus Britannicus
MYOOR-eks -- Latin: murex -- rough, spiny ... Wiktionary
commonly known as: crow thorn, elephant caltrop, large caltrops • Arabic: khasak-e-kabir • Gujarati: ગોખરુ બોડું gokharu bodu, કડવા ગોખરુ kadva gokharu, મોટા ગોખરુ mota gokharu, ઉભા ગોખરુ ubha gokharu • Haryanvi: बडा गोखरू bada gokharu • Hindi: बडा गोखरू bada gokharu, दक्षिणी गोखरु dakshini gokharu, फ़रीद बूटी farid buti, कडवा गोखरू kadva gokharu • Kachchhi: કડુઆ ગોખરૂ kadua gokharu, ઉભેરા ગોખરૂ ubhera gokharu • Kannada: ಆನೆ ನೆಗ್ಗಿಲು aane neggilu, ದೊಡ್ಡ ನೆಗ್ಗಿಲು dodda neggilu, ದೊಡ್ಡ ನೀರಂಜಿ dodda niranji • Konkani: भरगोखरू bhargokharu • Malayalam: ആനയിരുത്തിമുള്ള് aanayiruthimullu, കാക്കമുള്ള് kaakkamullu • Marathi: गोखरू gokharu, हत्तीचराटे hatticharate, माळवी गोखरू malavi gokharu, मोठा गोखरू motha gokharu • Odia: ଗୋକ୍ଷୁର gokshura • Persian: khasak-e-kalan • Punjabi: ਗੋਖਰੂਕਲਨ gokhrukalan • Rajasthani: बडा गोखुरू bada gokhuru • Sanskrit: बृहत् गोक्षुर brihat gokshura, तिक्त गोक्षुर tikta gokshura • Santali: बड़ा गोखुर bara gokhur • Tamil: ஆனைநெருஞ்சி anai-nerunci, காக்காய்முள் kakkay-mul, பெருநெருஞ்சி peru-nerunci • Telugu: ఏనుగు పల్లేరు enugu palleru, పల్లేరు palleru • Tulu: ಆನೆನೇಗಿಲ್ aanenegilu
botanical names: Pedalium murex L. ... homotypic synonyms: Pedalium muricatum Salisb. ... heterotypic synonyms: Murex burmanni Kuntze • Pedalium microcarpum (Klotzsch) Decne. • Rogeria microcarpa Klotzsch ... POWO, retrieved 24 March 2024
Bibliography / etymology
Links listed as references in the notes below, may not remain valid permanently. Portals / websites have a tendency to re-organize / revise their content, leading to change in URLs of pages in their site. Some sites may even close down at their own will.
~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~
written and spoken widely, in most parts of India
crow thorn, elephant caltrop
- Tamil lexicon [Madras], University of Madras
large caltrops
- Flowers of India, retrieved March 24, 2024
~~~~~ ARABIC ~~~~~
written in: Arabic (عَرَبِيّ) ... spoken in: various states of India ... Wikipedia
khasak-e-kabir
- FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants
- the name needs to be rendered in native script
~~~~~ GUJARATI ~~~~~
written in: Gujarati (ગુજરાતી) ... spoken in: Gujarat, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu
ગોખરુ બોડું gokharu bodu
- ગુજરાતી વિશ્વકોશ - ગોખરુ - મૃગેન્દ્ર વૈષ્ણવ, પ્રાગજી મો. રાઠોડ
કડવા ગોખરુ kadva gokharu
- Biological Diversity of Gujarat - published by Gujarat Ecology Commission
- FLORA OF BARDA MOUNTAIN (KATHIAWAD) by THAKAR, JAIKRISHNA INDRAJI, 1910
મોટા ગોખરુ mota gokharu
- FLORA OF BARDA MOUNTAIN (KATHIAWAD) by THAKAR, JAIKRISHNA INDRAJI, 1910
ઉભા ગોખરુ ubha gokharu
- વનસ્પતીઓ ના ગુજરાતી તથા બોટનીકલ નામ ની યાદી (વૈધ કે.જે.ઝાલા)
- or ઊભું ગોખરુ ubhu gokharu ... ગુજરાતી વિશ્વકોશ - ગોખરુ - મૃગેન્દ્ર વૈષ્ણવ, પ્રાગજી મો. રાઠોડ
~~~~~ HARYANVI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (हरियाणवी or हरयाणवी) ... spoken in: Haryana, Delhi
बडा गोखरू bada gokharu
- Bhuker A, Mor VS, Puneeth Raj MS, Jakhar SS. Potential Use of Medicinal Plant Gokhru: A Review. J Ayu Herb Med 2022;8(2):101-106. DOI: 10.31254/jahm.2022.8208
~~~~~ HINDI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (हिन्दी) ... spoken in: Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan
बडा गोखरू bada gokharu (or बड़ा गोखरू bara gokharu), फ़रीद बूटी farid buti
दक्षिणी गोखरु dakshini gokharu
- or दखनी गोखरु dakhani gokharu ... वनौषधी - प्रा डाॅ मधुकर बाचूळकर चोळेकर
कडवा गोखरू kadva gokharu
- मराठी विश्वकोश - महाराष्ट्र राज्य मराठी विश्वकोश निर्मिती मंडळ
~~~~~ KACHCHHI ~~~~~
written in: Gujarati (કચ્છી), Sindhi (ڪڇّي) ... spoken in: Kutch region of Gujarat
કડુઆ ગોખરૂ kadua gokharu, ઉભેરા ગોખરૂ ubhera gokharu (or ઉભા ગોખરૂ)
- PLANTS OF CUTCH AND THEIR UTILITY by THAKAR, JAIKRISHNA INDRAJI, 1926
~~~~~ KANNADA ~~~~~
written in: Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ) ... spoken in: Karnataka
ಆನೆ ನೆಗ್ಗಿಲು aane neggilu, ದೊಡ್ಡ ನೆಗ್ಗಿಲು dodda neggilu
- Five Hundred Indian Plants by Messrs. C. Stolz and G. Plebst, Basel Mission, Mangalore
- Karnataka Biodiversity Board, 2019. FLORA OF KARNATAKA, A Checklist, Volume – 2: Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. 1 - 1002 (Published by Karnataka Biodiversity Board)
ದೊಡ್ಡ ನೀರಂಜಿ dodda niranji
- Alar - an authoritative Kannada-English dictionary corpus created by V. Krishna
- S G Narsimhachar - Latin and Kannada names of indigenous and medicinal plants of Mysore - Mandayam Digital Library
~~~~~ KONKANI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (कोंकणी), Kannada (ಕೊಂಕಣಿ), Malayalam (കൊങ്കണി), Perso-Arabic (کونکنی), Romi (Konknni) ... spoken in: Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala, Gujarat
भरगोखरू bhargokharu
- Enumeration of plants from Gomantak India with a note on botanical excursions to the Castlerock area by V D Vartak
~~~~~ MALAYALAM ~~~~~
written in: Malayalam (മലയാളം) ... spoken in: Kerala
ആനയിരുത്തിമുള്ള് aanayiruthimullu
- വിക്കിപീഡിയ - സ്വതന്ത്രസർവ്വവിജ്ഞാനകോശം
കാക്കമുള്ള് kaakkamullu
- or കാക്കമുൾ kaakkamull ... A Malayalam and English dictionary by Hermann Gundert
- Many thanks to Sam Kuzhalanattu for help with this name ... efloraofindia
~~~~~ MARATHI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (मराठी) ... spoken in: Maharashtra, Karnataka
गोखरू gokharu
- The Gazetteer Department ... महाराष्ट्रातील वनस्पतीशास्त्र आणि वनसंपदा
हत्तीचराटे hatticharate, माळवी गोखरू malavi gokharu
- मराठी विश्वकोश - महाराष्ट्र राज्य मराठी विश्वकोश निर्मिती मंडळ
मोठा गोखरू motha gokharu
- मराठी शब्दकोश - मराठी भाषा विभाग - महाराष्ट्र शासन
~~~~~ ODIA ~~~~~
written in: Odia (ଓଡ଼ିଆ) ... spoken in: Odisha, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
ଗୋକ୍ଷୁର gokshura
- Purnnachandra Ordia Bhashakosha by Praharaj, G.C.
~~~~~ PERSIAN ~~~~~
written in: Farsi (فارسی) ... almost a defunct language; spoken in: West Bengal, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Bihar
khasak-e-kalan
- FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants
- the name needs to be rendered in native script
~~~~~ PUNJABI ~~~~~
written in: Gurmukhi (ਪੰਜਾਬੀ) ... spoken in: Punjab
ਗੋਖਰੂਕਲਨ gokhrukalan
- Sujata Shekhar, Rajat Rathur, Rajat P Singh et al. Pedalium murex L.: Potential genetic resource for herbal medicine and mucilage, 28 June 2021, PREPRINT (Version 1) available at Research Square
~~~~~ RAJASTHANI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (राजस्थानी) ... spoken in: Rajasthan
बडा गोखुरू bada gokhuru
- Charan, P. & Sharma, K. (2016). FLORAL DIVERSITY OF THAR DESERT OF WESTERN RAJASTHAN, INDIA. ... also spelt as बड़ा गोखुरू bara gokhuru
~~~~~ SANSKRIT ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (संस्कृतम्) ... used all over India by priests and scholars
बृहत् गोक्षुर brihat gokshura, तिक्त गोक्षुर tikta gokshura
~~~~~ SANTALI ~~~~~
written in: Ol Chiki (ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ), Bengali (সাঁওতালী), Odia (ସାନ୍ତାଳୀ), Devanagari (सान्ताली), Roman ... spoken in: Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha
बड़ा गोखुर bara gokhur
- Dutta Das, Soma; Bhakat, Ram Kumar - A Note on Ethno-Medicinal Herbs of Gopiballavpur Block-1 of Jhargram District, West Bengal, India - Indian Journal of Biological Sciences, 24 : 69-75, 2018
~~~~~ TAMIL ~~~~~
written in: Tamil (தமிழ்) ... spoken in: Tamil Nadu, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
ஆனைநெருஞ்சி anai-nerunci, காக்காய்முள் kakkay-mul, பெருநெருஞ்சி peru-nerunci
- Tamil lexicon [Madras], University of Madras
~~~~~ TELUGU ~~~~~
written in: Telugu ( తెలుగు) ... spoken in: Andhra Pradesh, Telangana
ఏనుగు పల్లేరు enugu palleru (or ఏనుగపల్లేరు enuga palleru), పల్లేరు palleru
- A Telugu-English dictionary by Charles Philip Brown
~~~~~ TULU ~~~~~
written in: Tigalari (Tulu) was used for writing Vedic texts in Sanskrit, Kannada (ತುಳು), Malayalam (തുളു) ... spoken in: Karnataka, north Kerala
ಆನೆನೇಗಿಲ್ aanenegilu
- Tulu-English Dictionary (1886) by Rev. A. Männer
- Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka - Shodhganga
~~~~~ DISTRIBUTION in INDIA ~~~~~
Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Pondicherry, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal
- Enumeration of plants from Gomantak India with a note on botanical excursions to the Castlerock area by V D Vartak
- Karnataka Biodiversity Board, 2019. FLORA OF KARNATAKA, A Checklist, Volume – 2: Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. 1 - 1002 (Published by Karnataka Biodiversity Board)
- Hassler, Michael (1994 - 2023): World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. Version 19.2; last update March 18th, 2024. Last accessed 24/03/2024.
~~~~~ Last updated: 25-03-2024 ~~~~~
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