¿ hyd-no-KAR-pus ? -- Greek: hydnon (tuber, truffle); karpos (fruit) ... Dave's Botanary
pen-TAN-drus -- five stamens ... Dave's Botanary
commonly known as: jangli almond, soorty oil tree • Bengali: চালমুগরা chalmugra • Gujarati: ચાલમોગરા chalamogara, કડવા કોઠા kadava kotha, કડવી કવઠ kadavi kavath • Hindi: चालमुगरा chalmugra • Kannada: ಗರುಡಫಲ garudaphala, ಸೂರಂತೆ surante, ತೊರತ್ತಿ toratti • Konkani: कडू कवठी kadu kavathi • Malayalam: കൊട്ടി kotti, മരോട്ടി marotti, നീർവട്ട nirvatta • Malvani: कवठी kavati • Marathi: कडू कपित्थ kadu kapith, कडू कवठ kadu kavat, खैट khait, खष्ट khasht, कौटी kowti • Odia: ଚାଲମୁଗ୍ରା chalmugra • Sanskrit: गरुडफल garudaphala, कटुकपित्थ katukapittha, कुष्टवैरी kushtavairi, तूवरक tuvaraka • Tamil: மரவட்டை maravattai, நீரெட்டிமுத்து nirettimuttu • Telugu: అడవి బాదాము adavi baadaamu, నీరధి విత్తులు neeradi vittulu • Tulu: ಸೂರಂತೆ surante
botanical names: Hydnocarpus pentandrus (Buch.-Ham.) Oken ... homotypic synonyms: Chilmoria pentandra Buch.-Ham. • Hydnocarpus laurifolius Sleumer ... heterotypic synonyms: Hydnocarpus wightianus Blume • Munnicksia laurifolia Dennst. ... POWO, retrieved 11 October 2025
NOTE: Orthographic variants: Hydnocarpus laurifolia, Hydnocarpus pentandra, Hydnocarpus wightiana
Bibliography / etymology
Links listed as references in the notes below, may not remain valid permanently. Portals / websites have a tendency to re-organize / revise their content, leading to change in URLs of pages in their site. Some sites may even close down at their own will. The bits about the languages of India mentioned below are merely some bare facts gathered from the internet; just enough to satisfy curiosity about "where" could the listed names be best prevalent in India. All English transliterated names to be taken sensu amplo.
~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~
written and spoken widely, in most parts of India
jangli almond
- Flowers of India, retrieved October 11, 2025
soorty oil tree
- Minakshi Rajput, Navneet Kumar - In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Efficacy of Medicinal Plant Extracts Against Clinical MDR Isolates from Scalp Infection Cases - IJSTR, Volume 9, Issue 02, February 2020
~~~~~ BENGALI ~~~~~
written in: Bengali (বাংলা) ... spoken in: West Bengal, Assam, Jharkhand, Tripura, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
চালমুগরা chalmugra
- or চাউলমুগরা chaulmugra ... for Hydnocarpus laurifolius Sleumer ...উইকিপিডিয়া - একটি মুক্ত বিশ্বকোষ ... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia
~~~~~ GUJARATI ~~~~~
written in: Gujarati (ગુજરાતી) ... spoken in: Gujarat, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu
ચાલમોગરા chalamogara, કડવા કોઠા kadava kotha, કડવી કવઠ kadavi kavath
- for Hydnocarpus wightianus Blume ... વનસ્પતીઓ ના ગુજરાતી તથા બોટનીકલ નામ ની યાદી (વૈધ કે.જે.ઝાલા)
~~~~~ HINDI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (हिन्दी) ... spoken in: Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand
चालमुगरा chalmugra
- FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants ... or चौलमूगरा chaulmugra
- विकिपीडिया - एक मुक्त ज्ञानकोश ... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia
~~~~~ KANNADA ~~~~~
written in: Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ) ... spoken in: Karnataka
ಗರುಡಫಲ garudaphala, ಸೂರಂತೆ surante, ತೊರತ್ತಿ toratti
- FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants
- Alar - an authoritative Kannada-English dictionary corpus created by V. Krishna
- Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka - Shodhganga
~~~~~ KONKANI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (कोंकणी) / Kannada (ಕೊಂಕಣಿ) / Malayalam (കൊങ്കണി) / Perso-Arabic (کونکنی) / Romi (Konknni) ... spoken in: Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala, Gujarat
कडू कवठी kadu kavathi
- for Hydnocarpus laurifolius Sleumer ... Enumeration of plants from Gomantak India with a note on botanical excursions to the Castlerock area by V D Vartak
~~~~~ MALAYALAM ~~~~~
written in: Malayalam (മലയാളം) ... spoken in: Kerala, Lakshadweep
കൊട്ടി kotti, നീർവട്ട nirvatta
- FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants
മരോട്ടി marotti
- വിക്കിപീഡിയ - സ്വതന്ത്രസർവ്വവിജ്ഞാനകോശം ... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia
- FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants
~~~~~ MALVANI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (मालवणी) ... spoken in: Maharashtra (only in the Sindhudurg district), north Goa (especially Pernem taluka) ... a dialect of Konkani with significant Marathi influences and loanwords
कवठी kavati
- Many thanks to Nitin Kawthankar for help with this name ... facebook
~~~~~ MARATHI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (मराठी) ... spoken in: Maharashtra, Karnataka
कडू कपित्थ kadu kapith
- FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants
कडू कवठ kadu kavat
- FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants
- The Gazetteer Department - Maharashtra State ... महाराष्ट्रातील वनस्पतीशास्त्र आणि वनसंपदा [accessed on: 28 Apr 2014]
- for Hydnocarpus laurifolius Sleumer ... मराठी विश्वकोश - महाराष्ट्र राज्य मराठी विश्वकोश निर्मिती मंडळ
खैट khait, खष्ट khasht
- for Hydnocarpus laurifolius Sleumer ... मराठी विश्वकोश - महाराष्ट्र राज्य मराठी विश्वकोश निर्मिती मंडळ
कौटी kowti
- FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants
- for Hydnocarpus laurifolius Sleumer ... मराठी विश्वकोश - महाराष्ट्र राज्य मराठी विश्वकोश निर्मिती मंडळ
~~~~~ ODIA ~~~~~
written in: Odia (ଓଡ଼ିଆ) ... spoken in: Odisha, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
ଚାଲମୁଗ୍ରା chalmugra
- Das P K, Sahoo T, Panda P C. Forest trees of Odisha, India: An updated checklist. Plant Science Today. 2022; 9(4): 1021–1031.
~~~~~ SANSKRIT ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (संस्कृतम्) ... used all over India by priests and scholars
गरुडफल garudaphala, कटुकपित्थ katukapittha, कुष्टवैरी kushtavairi, तूवरक tuvaraka
- FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants
~~~~~ TAMIL ~~~~~
written in: Tamil (தமிழ்) ... spoken in: Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
மரவட்டை maravattai, நீரெட்டிமுத்து nirettimuttu
- for Hydnocarpus wightianus Blume ... Tamil lexicon [Madras], University of Madras
- FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants
~~~~~ TELUGU ~~~~~
written in: Telugu ( తెలుగు) ... spoken in: Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Puducherry
అడవి బాదాము adavi baadaamu, నీరధి విత్తులు neeradi vittulu
- FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants
~~~~~ TULU ~~~~~
written in: Tigalari (Tulu) was used for writing Vedic texts in Sanskrit, Kannada (ತುಳು), Malayalam (തുളു) ... spoken in: Karnataka, north Kerala
ಸೂರಂತೆ surante
- Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka - Shodhganga
~~~~~ DISTRIBUTION in INDIA ~~~~~
Andaman islands, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu; endemic to south India, elsewhere globally cultivated
- Hassler, Michael (1994 - 2025): World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. Version 25.09; last update Sept. 23rd, 2025. Last accessed 25/09/2025 (dd/mm/yyyy).
- Odisha :: Das P K, Sahoo T, Panda P C. Forest trees of Odisha, India: An updated checklist. Plant Science Today. 2022; 9(4): 1021–1031.
~~~~~
Created on: 12:47 10-10-2025 ¦ Last updated: 19:44 12-10-2025 (DD-MM-YYYY)
~~~~~
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