am-uh-RANTH-us -- everlasting flower ... Dave's Botanary
spy-NO-sus -- with spines ... Dave's Botanary
commonly known as: edlebur, needle burr, prickly amaranth, spiny amaranth, thorny amaranth • Adi: gubor oying, namdong • Ahom: খুতৰা khutora • Angami: nietso, nyiedza • Apatani: pulu tayi hamang • Assamese: গিয়াং geang, হাতী খুতৰা hati khutora, হাতী চাঁৰুলি hati saruli, কাঁটা খুতৰা kata khutora, কাঁটা মৰিচা kanta maricha • Bengali: কাঁটানটিয়া kantanutiya • Bodo: kanta-khutrasu • Chakma: mora sag • Dogri: कंडा चलेरी kanda chaleri • Gujarati: કાંટાળો ડાંભો kantalo dambho, કાંટાળો ઢીમડો kantala dhimado • Hajong: kantak-bakoha • Hindi: कांटा चौलाई kanta chaulai • Hruso: khotuka • Kachchhi: કંઢારો તાંડરજો kandharo tandarjo • Kannada: ಮುಳ್ಳು ದಂಟು mullu dantu, ಮುಳ್ಳು ಹರಿವೇ mullu harive, ಮುಳ್ಳು ಕೀರೆ mullu keere • Karbi: ডিডো dido • Koch: kotakhuriya pan • Kokborok: kata maira, kuttuila basu • Konkani: कांटे भाजी kante bhaji • Ladakh region: neu, rgya-sho • Lisu: sagijaj • Malayalam: മുള്ളൻ ചീര mullan cheera • Manipuri: ꯆꯦꯡꯀ꯭ꯔꯨꯛ চেংগ্ক্রুক chengkruk • Marathi: कांटे भाजी kante bhaji, कांटे माठ kante math, तांदुळजा tandulaja • Mishing: কাটাইলি চাউলাই kataili-chaulai, তাণ্ডুলিয়া tanduliya • Mizo: len-hling • Nepali: बन लुँडे ban lunde, बन्दनी bandanee, काँडे लुँडे kaande lunde • Nyishi: pasu kau, puchu-kinnyu • Odia: କଣ୍ଟାଖାଦ kantakhada, କଣ୍ଟାମାରିଷ kantamarisha, କଣ୍ଟାନେଉଟିଆ kantaneutia, ମେଘନାଳ meghanala • Pahari: बड़ी चरेली badi chareli, कांटा चौलाई kanta chulayee • Rabha: kata-khuduna • Rajasthani: कंटेली चौलाई kanteli chaulai • Sanskrit: सुशाक sushaka, तण्डुलीय tanduliya • Santali: ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱩᱢ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ janum arak • Singpho: yankhi soulpa • Tamil: முள்ளுக்கீரை mullu-k-kirai, முட்கீரை mut-kirai • Tangkhul: somchan • Telugu: ముళ్ల తోటకూర mullu thotakura, నల్ల దొగ్గలి తోటకూర nalla doggali thotakura • Tibetan: ta-ndu-la-ka • Tulu: ಮುಳ್ಳು ಪದ್ಪೆ mullu padpe
botanical names: Amaranthus spinosus L. ... and more at POWO, retrieved 08 Novembder 2025
Bibliography / etymology
Links listed as references in the notes below, may not remain valid permanently. Portals / websites have a tendency to re-organize / revise their content, leading to change in URLs of pages in their site. Some sites may even close down at their own will. The bits about the languages of India mentioned below are merely some bare facts gathered from the internet; just enough to satisfy curiosity about "where" could the listed names be best prevalent in India. All English transliterated names to be taken sensu amplo.
~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~
written and spoken widely, in most parts of India
edlebur, needle burr, prickly amaranth, spiny amaranth, thorny amaranth
~~~~~ ADI ~~~~~
written in: Latin ... spoken in: Arunachal Pradesh
gubor oying, namdong
- Ethnobotanyofnortheastindia (2020 onwards). Database of names of useful plants of north-east India - developed by the members of ethnobotanyofnortheastindia Google-site ... Accessed on 08 November 2025
~~~~~ AHOM ~~~~~
written in: Ahom, Assamese ... mainly used by priests and scholars for religious and educational purposes; spoken in: erstwhile Ahom kingdom (some part in present day Assam) ... other names for this language: Tai-Ahom
খুতৰা khutora
- Ethnobotanyofnortheastindia (2020 onwards). Database of names of useful plants of north-east India - developed by the members of ethnobotanyofnortheastindia Google-site ... Accessed on 08 November 2025
~~~~~ ANGAMI ~~~~~
written in: Latin ... spoken in: Nagaland ... other names for this language: Gnamei, Ngami, Tsoghami, Tsugumi, Monr, Tsanglo, Tenyidie
nietso, nyiedza
- Singh, Akoijam & Teron, Robindra. (2016). Diversity of food plants in Angami home gardens, Kohima District, Nagaland (India).
~~~~~ APATANI ~~~~~
written in: Roman ... spoken in: Arunachal Pradesh ... other names for this language: Apa Tani, Tanw
pulu tayi hamang
- Ethnobotanyofnortheastindia (2020 onwards). Database of names of useful plants of north-east India - developed by the members of ethnobotanyofnortheastindia Google-site ... Accessed on 08 November 2025
- Pascal Bouchery. Dictionary of the Apatani Language: Apatani-English Dictionary (with English-Apatani Index). 2016. hal-01423834
~~~~~ ASSAMESE ~~~~~
written in: Assamese (অসমীয়া) ... spoken in: Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya
গিয়াং geang
- Ethnobotanyofnortheastindia (2020 onwards). Database of names of useful plants of north-east India - developed by the members of ethnobotanyofnortheastindia Google-site ... Accessed on 08 November 2025
হাতী খুতৰা hati khutora, হাতী চাঁৰুলি hati saruli, কাঁটা খুতৰা kata khutora
- XOBDO - Your gateway to multilingual knowledge and resources
কাঁটা মৰিচা kanta maricha
- Flora of Assam Vol IV by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, R N De, A Das
~~~~~ BENGALI ~~~~~
written in: Bengali (বাংলা) ... spoken in: West Bengal, Assam, Jharkhand, Tripura, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
কাঁটানটিয়া kantanutiya
- BENGAL PLANTS VOL. II by PRAIN, DAVID
- Flora of Assam Vol IV by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, R N De, A Das
- or কাঁটানটে kantanote ... উইকিপিডিয়া - একটি মুক্ত বিশ্বকোষ ... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia
~~~~~ BODO ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari or Latin ... spoken in: Assam ... other names for this language: Boro
kanta-khutrasu
- Deka, Dipali (2007) - Chapter 5 - Ethno medico botanical study of certain tribes of Goalpara district, Assam - Shodhganga :: a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET
~~~~~ CHAKMA ~~~~~
written in: Chakma (𑄌𑄋𑄴𑄟𑄳𑄦 𑄞𑄌𑄴, Changhma Bhach or Ajha Path), Latin, Bengali ... spoken in: Mizoram, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam ... spoken by: the Chakma (or Changhma) people and Daingnet people
mora sag
- Angami, A. & Gajurel, Padma & Rethy, P. & Kalita, S.K.. (2006). Status and potential of wild edible plants of Arunachal Pradesh. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 5(4):541-550.
~~~~~ DOGRI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (डोगरी) ... spoken in: Jammu & Kashmir ... spoken by the Dogras
कंडा चलेरी kanda chaleri
- Many thanks to OM Prakash Vidyarthi for help with this name ... facebook
- or कंडियारी चलेरी kandiari chaleri ... Rao, P & Hasan, S & Bhellum, Bachan & Manhas, Rajesh. (2015). Ethnomedicinal plants of Kathua district, J&K, India. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 171. 10.1016/j.jep.2015.05.028.
~~~~~ GUJARATI ~~~~~
written in: Gujarati (ગુજરાતી) ... spoken in: Gujarat, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu
કાંટાળો ડાંભો kantalo dambho, કાંટાળો ઢીમડો kantala dhimado
- વનસ્પતીઓ ના ગુજરાતી તથા બોટનીકલ નામ ની યાદી (વૈધ કે.જે.ઝાલા)
~~~~~ HAJONG ~~~~~
written in: Bengali-Assamese (হাজং), Latin ... spoken in: Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, and West Bengal
kantak-bakoha
- Deka, Dipali (2007) - Chapter 5 - Ethno medico botanical study of certain tribes of Goalpara district, Assam - Shodhganga :: a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET
~~~~~ HINDI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (हिन्दी) ... spoken in: Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand
कांटा चौलाई kanta chaulai
- Wagh, Vijay & Jain, Ashok. (2014). Floristic Diversity of Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh, India. 6. 146-167. 10.5829/idosi.ajps.2013.6.4.1116.
~~~~~ HRUSO ~~~~~
written in: Latin ... spoken in: Arunachal Pradesh ... spoken by: Hruso people ... other names for this language: Aka (Angka), Gusso, Hrusso, Tenae
khotuka
- Angami, A. & Gajurel, Padma & Rethy, P. & Kalita, S.K.. (2006). Status and potential of wild edible plants of Arunachal Pradesh. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 5(4):541-550.
~~~~~ KACHCHHI ~~~~~
written in: Gujarati (કચ્છી), Sindhi (ڪڇّي) ... spoken in: Kutch region of Gujarat
કંઢારો તાંડરજો kandharo tandarjo
- કચ્છ સ્વસ્થાન ની વનસ્પતિઓ ઠાકર જયકૃષ્ણ ઇન્દ્રજી 1926 [PLANTS OF CUTCH AND THEIR UTILITY by THAKAR, JAIKRISHNA INDRAJI, 1926]
~~~~~ KANNADA ~~~~~
written in: Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ) ... spoken in: Karnataka
ಮುಳ್ಳು ದಂಟು mullu dantu, ಮುಳ್ಳು ಹರಿವೇ mullu harive, ಮುಳ್ಳು ಕೀರೆ mullu keere
- Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka - Shodhganga
- Five Hundred Indian Plants by Messrs. C. Stolz and G. Plebst, Basel Mission, Mangalore
~~~~~ KARBI ~~~~~
written in: Roman ... spoken in: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland ... other names for this language: Mikir or Arleng
ডিডো dido
- Ethnobotanyofnortheastindia (2020 onwards). Database of names of useful plants of north-east India - developed by the members of ethnobotanyofnortheastindia Google-site ... Accessed on 08 November 2025
~~~~~ KOCH ~~~~~
written in: Assamese, Bengali, Roman ... spoken in: Meghalaya, lower Assam, West Bengal, Bihar ... spoken by: Koch people, including Koch-Rajbongshi or Koch-Rajbonshi
kotakhuriya pan
- Ethnobotanyofnortheastindia (2020 onwards). Database of names of useful plants of north-east India - developed by the members of ethnobotanyofnortheastindia Google-site ... Accessed on 08 November 2025
~~~~~ KOKBOROK ~~~~~
written in: Koloma, Latin, Bengali–Assamese (ককবরক), Kokmari ... spoken in: Tripura ... other names for this language: Tripuri, Kokbarak, Tippera, Tipra, Trippera
kata maira
- Dr. Kishore Deb Barma - Tribal Folk Medicine of Tripura - Tribal Research and Cultural Institute, Government of Tripura
kuttuila basu
- Koushik Majumdar and B K Datta - A study on ethnomedicinal usage of plants among the folklore herbalists and Tripuri medical practitioners: Part-II - Natural Product Radiance, Vol. 6(1), 2007, pp.66-73
- Deb, Dipankar & Sarkar, Abhijit & Barma, Bhabani & Datta, B & Majumdar, Koushik. (2013). Wild edible plants and their utilization in traditional recipes of Tripura, Northeast India. Advanced Biological Research. 7. 203-211.
~~~~~ KONKANI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (कोंकणी) / Kannada (ಕೊಂಕಣಿ) / Malayalam (കൊങ്കണി) / Perso-Arabic (کونکنی) / Romi (Konknni) ... spoken in: Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala, Gujarat
कांटे भाजी kante bhaji
- V D Vartak (1966) - Enumeration of plants from Gomantak India with a note on botanical excursions to the Castlerock area - Shodhganga :: a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET
~~~~~ Ladakh region ~~~~~
languages spoken: Ladakhi | Purgi | Hindi | Shina | Balti | Tibetan ... written using their respective scripts
neu
- Bhoyar, Manish & Mishra, Gyan & Singh, Raginie & Singh, Shakti. (2011). Ethno-botany of traditional wild edible plants from cold arid desert of Ladakh-potential source of winter vegetables. The Indian Forester. 138. 1029-1033.
- the name needs to be rendered in native script
rgya-sho
- Haq SM, Yaqoob U, Calixto ES, Rahman IU, Hashem A, Abd Allah EF, Alakeel MA, Alqarawi AA, Abdalla M, Hassan M, Bussmann RW, Abbasi AM, Ur Rahman S, Ijaz F. Plant Resources Utilization among Different Ethnic Groups of Ladakh in Trans-Himalayan Region. Biology (Basel). 2021 Aug 26;10(9):827. doi: 10.3390/biology10090827. PMID: 34571704; PMCID: PMC8468708.
- the name needs to be rendered in native script
~~~~~ LISU ~~~~~
written in two scripts Fraser, Karen, or using scripts of other local language ... spoken in: Arunachal Pradesh ... spoken by: Yobin... other names for this language: Yobin; the names Lisu and Yobin are interchangeably used for people and their language
sagijaj
- Ethnobotanyofnortheastindia (2020 onwards). Database of names of useful plants of north-east India - developed by the members of ethnobotanyofnortheastindia Google-site ... Accessed on 08 November 2025
- the name needs to be rendered in native script
~~~~~ MALAYALAM ~~~~~
written in: Malayalam (മലയാളം) ... spoken in: Kerala, Lakshadweep
മുള്ളൻ ചീര mullan cheera
- Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka - Shodhganga
- AnilKumar N., Salim P.M., Balakrishnan V., Sivan V.V. (2001) - Medicinal Plants known from Wayanad - M S Swaminathan Research Foundation
- വിക്കിപീഡിയ - സ്വതന്ത്രസർവ്വവിജ്ഞാനകോശം ... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia
- FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants
~~~~~ MANIPURI ~~~~~
written in: Meiteilon (ꯃꯩꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ), Bengali-Assamese ... spoken in: Manipur ... other names for this language: Meetei
ꯆꯦꯡꯀ꯭ꯔꯨꯛ চেংগ্ক্রুক chengkruk
- Flowers of India, retrieved November 9, 2025
- or chengkruk tingkhang panbi ... Medicinal Plants of Manipur - Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants
- or chengkruk tingkhang panba ... Deb, Chitta & Sharma, Ibeeka & Jamir, Narola. (2023). Ethno-medicinal anti-diabetics plants of Northeast India: A review. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 12. 86-110. 10.22271/phyto.2023.v12.i3b.14668.
~~~~~ MARATHI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (मराठी) ... spoken in: Maharashtra, Karnataka
कांटे भाजी kante bhaji
- A dictionary, Marathi and English by Molesworth, J. T. (James Thomas)
कांटे माठ kante math
- The Gazetteer Department - Maharashtra State ... महाराष्ट्रातील वनस्पतीशास्त्र आणि वनसंपदा [accessed on: 28 Apr 2014]
तांदुळजा tandulaja
- FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants
- विकिपीडिया - मुक्त ज्ञानकोश ... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia
~~~~~ MISHING ~~~~~
written in: Assamese, Devanagari, Latin ... spoken in: Assam, Arunachal Pradesh ... other names for this language: Mising, Plains Miri
কাটাইলি চাউলাই kataili-chaulai, তাণ্ডুলিয়া tanduliya
- Ethnobotanyofnortheastindia (2020 onwards). Database of names of useful plants of north-east India - developed by the members of ethnobotanyofnortheastindia Google-site ... Accessed on 08 November 2025
~~~~~ MIZO ~~~~~
written in: Latin, Bengali-Assamese ... spoken in: Mizoram ... other names for this language: Lushai, Duhlian
len-hling
- Kar, An & Bora, Devanjal & Borthakur, Sashin & Goswami, N & Saharia, Daizi. (2013). WILD EDIBLE PLANT RESOURCES USED BY THE MIZOS OF MIZORAM, INDIA. KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY. 9. 106-126. [Accessed 15/11/2021 (dd/mm/yyyy)]
- ENVIS :: Biological Diversity In Mizoram [Accessed 18/08/2022 (dd/mm/yyyy)]
~~~~~ NEPALI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (नेपाली) ... spoken in: Nepal, West Bengal, Assam, Sikkim
बन लुँडे ban lunde, बन्दनी bandanee, काँडे लुँडे kaande lunde
- Many thanks to Saroj Kumar Kasaju for help with these names ... efloraofindia
~~~~~ NYISHI ~~~~~
written in: Latin ... spoken in: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam ... spoken by the Daffla (or Dafla) tribe, now known as Nyishi tribe ... other names for this language: Nishi, Nisi, Nishang, Nissi, Nyising, Leil, Aya, Akang, Bangni-Bangru, Solung
pasu kau, puchu-kinnyu
- Ethnobotanyofnortheastindia (2020 onwards). Database of names of useful plants of north-east India - developed by the members of ethnobotanyofnortheastindia Google-site ... Accessed on 08 November 2025
~~~~~ ODIA ~~~~~
written in: Odia (ଓଡ଼ିଆ) ... spoken in: Odisha, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
କଣ୍ଟାଖାଦ kantakhada, କଣ୍ଟାମାରିଷ kantamarisha
- Survey of edible plants for human consumption in south Odisha, India, International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research. ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.7, Issue 12, page no. pp277-296, December-2020
- Panda, Pratap & Panda, Sudarsan. (2012). Floral Diversity of Nandankanan Wildlife Sanctuary.
କଣ୍ଟାନେଉଟିଆ kantaneutia, ମେଘନାଳ meghanala (or ମେଘଲାଳ meghalala)
- Purnnachandra Ordia Bhashakosha by Praharaj, G.C.
~~~~~ PAHARI (or PAHADI) ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (पहाड़ी), Perso-Arabic (پہاڑی) ... variety of languages, dialects and language groups, spoken in Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand
बड़ी चरेली badi chareli, कांटा चौलाई kanta chulayee
- Himalayan Wild Food Plants by Dr. Tara Sen Thakur
~~~~~ RABHA ~~~~~
written in: Assamese (ৰাভা), Bengali, English ... spoken in: Assam, Nagaland, West Bengal, Meghalaya
kata-khuduna
- Deka, Dipali (2007) - Chapter 5 - Ethno medico botanical study of certain tribes of Goalpara district, Assam - Shodhganga :: a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET
~~~~~ RAJASTHANI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (राजस्थानी) ... spoken in: Rajasthan
कंटेली चौलाई kanteli chaulai
- Manju Chaudhary and S.K. Shringi - Floristic Composition of Beer Jhunjhunu Conservation Reserve of Rajasthan, India - The Biobrio 4(1 & 2), 2017
~~~~~ SANSKRIT ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (संस्कृतम्) ... used all over India by priests and scholars
सुशाक sushaka, तण्डुलीय tanduliya
- FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants
~~~~~ SANTALI ~~~~~
written in: Ol Chiki (ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ), Bengali (সাঁওতালী), Odia (ସାନ୍ତାଳୀ), Devanagari (सान्ताली), Roman ... spoken in: Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha
ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱩᱢ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ janum arak
- BENGAL PLANTS VOL. II by PRAIN, DAVID
- ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ - ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱲᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia
- A Santali-English dictionary by A. Campbell, of the Santal mission
- Noor N, Satapathy K B. Diversity of medicinally important leafy vegetables used by the tribes in Balasore district of Odisha, India. Plant Science Today. 2022; 9(4): 950–954.
~~~~~ SINGPHO ~~~~~
written in: Latin ... spoken in: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam ... spoken by: Singpho people
yankhi soulpa
- Ethnobotanyofnortheastindia (2020 onwards). Database of names of useful plants of north-east India - developed by the members of ethnobotanyofnortheastindia Google-site ... Accessed on 08 November 2025
~~~~~ TAMIL ~~~~~
written in: Tamil (தமிழ்) ... spoken in: Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
முள்ளுக்கீரை mullu-k-kirai, முட்கீரை mut-kirai
- Tamil lexicon [Madras], University of Madras
~~~~~ TANGKHUL ~~~~~
written in: Latin, Meitei (ꯇꯥꯡꯈꯨꯜ) ... spoken in: Manipur, Nagaland ... spoken by: Tangkhul people
somchan
- Sumitra Salam (2013) - Ethnobotanical study of the Tangkhul Naga tribe in Ukhrul district, Manipur state - Shodhganga :: a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET
~~~~~ TELUGU ~~~~~
written in: Telugu ( తెలుగు) ... spoken in: Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Puducherry
ముళ్ల తోటకూర mullu thotakura, నల్ల దొగ్గలి తోటకూర nalla doggali thotakura
- Flora Andhrika - Plant Wealth of Andhra Pradesh, India
- A Telugu-English dictionary by Charles Philip Brown
~~~~~ TIBETAN ~~~~~
written in: Tibetan ... spoken in: Tibet, Jammu, Kashmir & Ladakh, Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bhutan
ta-ndu-la-ka
- FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants
- the name needs to be rendered in native script
~~~~~ TULU ~~~~~
written in: Tigalari (Tulu) was used for writing Vedic texts in Sanskrit, Kannada (ತುಳು), Malayalam (തുളു) ... spoken in: Karnataka, north Kerala
ಮುಳ್ಳು ಪದ್ಪೆ mullu padpe
- Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka - Shodhganga
- बॆरकॆ अट्टिल् - changing the way in which Tuluvas consume their food
~~~~~ KNOWN DISTRIBUTION in INDIA ~~~~~
throughout mainland and her islands; introduced, widely cultivated, escapes to limited extent
- Hassler, Michael (1994 - 2025): World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. Version 25.10; last update Oct. 12th, 2025. Last accessed 08/11/2025 (dd/mm/yyyy).
~~~~~
Created on: 20:48 08-11-2025 ¦ Last updated: 14:37 10-11-2025 (DD-MM-YYYY)
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