Friday, 16 October 2026

Vallaris solanacea (Roth ex Roem. & Schult.) Kuntze

Vallaris solanacea (Roth ex Roem. & Schult.) Kuntze

val-LAH-ris -- Latin: vallum (wall, rampart), aris (of or pertaining to) -- belonging to rampart ... Wiktionary
so-lan-uh-SEE-uh -- resembling the Solanum genus ... Dave's Botanary
commonly known as: bread flower • Assamese: কাৰি-লেৱা kari-lewa, গোন্ধেলী-লতা gendheli-lata, গো-লজিঙীয়া go-lijingia, জখিনী-লেৱা jokhuni-lewa • Bengali: হাপরমালী haparmali, রামসর ramsar • Bhojpuri: दूधलती dudhlati • Dogri: चिट्टी टेरनी chitti terni, कनक बेल kanak bel • Gujarati: મન માલતી man malati • Haryanvi: दूधी की बेल dudhi ki bel • Hindi: चमरी की बेल chamari ki bel, दूधी की बेल dudhi ki bel, रामसुर ramsur • Kachari: kholosi-dukha • Kannada: ಬುಗುಡಿ bugudi, ಇಸಮಲ್ಲಿಗೆ isamallige • Khasi: mei-soh-sangia • Kuki: thang-rui-moi • Kumaoni: दूधी dudhi • Malayalam: വിഷപ്പാല vishappala, വിഷമദരി vishamadari • Marathi: विखमोगरी vikhamogari • Mizo: theikelki-suak • Mundari: अदका-तेद adaka-ted, कुकुर-बोटुर kukur-botur • Nepali: दुधे बेलो dudhe belo, दुधे लहरा dudhe laharaa • Odia: ଅଷ୍ଟପାଦିକା ashtapadika, ବନ କାନେରୀ ନଈ bana kanieri nai, ଭଦ୍ରବଲ୍ଲୀ bhadaballi, ବିଶଲ୍ୟ କରଣୀ bishalya karani, ହାପର ମଲ୍ଲି hapara malli, ଶାତଭୀରୁ shatabhiru, ଶୀତ ଭୀରୁ shita bhiru • Punjabi: ਦੂਧੀਬੇਲ dudhibel • Rajasthani: दूधी बेल dudhi bel • Sanskrit: अष्टपदिका ashtapadika, आस्फोत asphota, भद्रवल्ली bhadravalli, भूमिमण्ड bhumimanda, विशल्यकृत् vishalyakrt • Tamil: அடுகோட்டப்பாலை adukoottappaalai • Telugu: చిన్న మాలతి chinna maalathi, గిన్నె మాలతి ginne maalathi, నాగ మల్లె naga malle, నిత్య మల్లె nitya malle, పాల మల్లె తివ్వ pala malle tivva, పెద్ద మల్లె pedda malle, పాల మల్లె తివ్వ pala malle tivva, విశల్యకరణి visalyakarani

known for / parts made use of: milky latex, leaves, bark and stems, roots and root bark, flowers and seeds ... compiled from the web
botanical names: Vallaris solanacea (Roth ex Roem. & Schult.) Kuntze ... homotypic synonyms: Peltanthera solanacea Roth ex Roem. & Schult. ... heterotypic synonyms: Vallaris assamensis Griff. • Vallaris heynei Spreng. ... POWO, retrieved October 14, 2026
TAXONOMIC NOTE
(●) Historical and Overlapping Synonymy
Historical Misinterpretations: In 19th-century Indian botanical literature, the names Echites dichotomus Roxb. and Vallaris dichotoma Wall. (ex G.Don) were long treated as direct synonyms for Vallaris solanacea. William Roxburgh initially described the fragrant climber from the East India Company’s botanical gardens as Echites dichotomus. Nathaniel Wallich later recognized its generic alignment and transferred it as Vallaris dichotoma, which was subsequently validated by George Don.
Modern Taxonomic Alignment: While these historical accounts frequently conflated the two taxa due to morphologically similar fragrant white flowers, contemporary databases (such as Kew’s Plants of the World Online) have resolved the taxonomy. Both Echites dichotomus Roxb. and Vallaris dichotoma Wall. are currently recognized as official synonyms of Vallaris glabra (L.) Kuntze (an Indonesian/Malayan native species), rather than Vallaris solanacea.
Consequently, vernacular and botanical references attributed to Echites dichotomus or Vallaris dichotoma in colonial-era Floras and regional lexicons must be understood as historical designations intended for Vallaris solanacea.
Bibliography / etymology / notes
Links listed as references in the notes below, may not remain valid permanently. Portals / websites have a tendency to re-organize / revise their content, leading to change in URLs of pages in their site. Some sites may even close down at their own will. The bits about the languages of India mentioned below are merely some bare facts gathered from the internet; just enough to satisfy curiosity about "where" could the listed names be best prevalent in India. All English transliterated names to be taken sensu amplo.
~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~
written and spoken widely, in most parts of India
bread flower
  • Flowers of India ... (accessed: October 14, 2026)
  • Bread Flower — due to flower's unique fragrance resembling basmati rice or baked bread ... compiled from the web
~~~~~ ASSAMESE ~~~~~
written in: Assamese (অসমীয়া) ... spoken in: Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya
কাৰি-লেৱা kari-lewa, গোন্ধেলী-লতা gendheli-lata (or গেঁধেলী-লতা gondheli lata), গো-লজিঙীয়া go-lijingia, জখিনী-লেৱা jokhuni-lewa (or যখিনী-লেৱা jokhini-lewa)
  • for Vallaris heynei Spreng. ... U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das, R N De - Flora of Assam - Vol III
~~~~~ BENGALI ~~~~~
written in: Bengali (বাংলা) ... spoken in: West Bengal, Assam, Jharkhand, Tripura, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
হাপরমালী haparmali
  • for Vallaris heynei Spreng. ... PRAIN, DAVID - BENGAL PLANTS - VOL. II
রামসর ramsar
~~~~~ BHOJPURI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (भोजपुरी) ... spoken in: eastern Uttar Pradesh, western Bihar and northwestern Jharkhand
दूधलती dudhlati (or दूधलता dudhlata)
  • Floristic Diversity of West Champaran - बिहार वानिकी विकास निगम लिमिटेड (Bihar Forestry Development Corporation Limited) ... (downloaded: December 31, 2023)
~~~~~ DOGRI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (डोगरी) ... spoken in: Jammu & Kashmir ... spoken by the Dogras
चिट्टी टेरनी chitti terni, कनक बेल kanak bel
  • for Vallaris heynei Spreng. ... Many thanks to OM Prakash Vidyarthi for help with these names ... facebook
~~~~~ GUJARATI ~~~~~
written in: Gujarati (ગુજરાતી) ... spoken in: Gujarat, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu
મન માલતી man malati
~~~~~ HARYANVI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (हरियाणवी or हरयाणवी) ... spoken in: Haryana, Delhi
दूधी की बेल dudhi ki bel
  • Haryana Forest Flora - A Comprehensive Database of Ligneous Plants of Haryana (India) ... (accessed: October 15, 2026)
~~~~~ HINDI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (हिन्दी) ... spoken in: Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand
चमरी की बेल chamari ki bel, दूधी की बेल dudhi ki bel
  • Flowers of India ... (accessed: October 14, 2026)
  • FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants ... (accessed: October 14, 2026)
  • चमरी (Chamari) — likely draws roots from Chamar (leather/hide) or Chamar-vriksha, an allusion to its tough, leathery, and flexible woody climbing stems (vines). Alternatively, it phonetically mimics Chamari (fly-whisk), pointing to the cascading, tufted appearance of its multi-flowered white cymes when draping down. बेल / वेल (Bel / Vel) — the classic Hindi terms used to describe a creeping or twining climbing plant. ... compiled from the web.
रामसुर ramsur (or रामसर ramsar / रामशर ramshar)
~~~~~ KACHARI ~~~~~
written in: Bengali-Assamese, Devanagari, Latin ... spoken in: Assam, Nagaland ... other names for this language: Cachari, Plains Kachari (Boro or Bara) and Hill Kachari (Dimasa)
kholosi-dukha
  • for Vallaris heynei Spreng. ... U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das, R N De - Flora of Assam - Vol III
~~~~~ KANNADA ~~~~~
written in: Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ) ... spoken in: Karnataka
ಬುಗುಡಿ bugudi (or ಬುಗುಡಿ ಹಂಬು bugudi hambu)
ಇಸಮಲ್ಲಿಗೆ isamallige
~~~~~ KHASI ~~~~~
written in: Latin (Khasi alphabet), Bengali-Assamese ... spoken in: Meghalaya, Assam
mei-soh-sangia
~~~~~ KUKI ~~~~~
written in: Roman ... spoken in: Manipur, Assam, Nagaland ... other names for this language:Thado, Thado-Pao, Thado-Ubiphei, Thaadou Kuki
thang-rui-moi
  • for Vallaris heynei Spreng. ... U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das, R N De - Flora of Assam - Vol III
~~~~~ KUMAONI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari ... spoken in: Uttarakhand
दूधी dudhi (or दूधी बेल dudhi bel)
~~~~~ MALAYALAM ~~~~~
written in: Malayalam (മലയാളം) ... spoken in: Kerala, Lakshadweep
വിഷപ്പാല vishappala, വിഷമദരി vishamadari
  • Many thanks to VC Balakrishnan for help with these names ... facebook
~~~~~ MARATHI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (मराठी) ... spoken in: Maharashtra, Karnataka
विखमोगरी vikhamogari
~~~~~ MIZO ~~~~~
written in: Latin, Bengali-Assamese ... spoken in: Mizoram ... other names for this language: Lushai, Duhlian
theikelki-suak
~~~~~ MUNDARI ~~~~~
written in: Mundari Bani, Odia, Devanagari, Bengali, Latin ... spoken in: Jharkhand, Odisha
अदका-तेद adaka-ted (or अदत्ता-तेद adatta-ted)
कुकुर-बोटुर kukur-botur
  • for Vallaris heynei Spreng. ... Haines, Henry Haselfoot, 1867-1943 — The botany of Bihar and Orissa : an account of all the known indigenous plants of the province and of the most important or most commonly cultivated exotic ones
~~~~~ NEPALI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (नेपाली) ... spoken in: Nepal, West Bengal, Assam, Sikkim, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Jammu & Kashmir
दुधे बेलो dudhe belo, दुधे लहरा dudhe laharaa
  • Many thanks to Saroj Kumar Kasaju for help with these names ... eFloraofIndia
~~~~~ ODIA ~~~~~
written in: Odia (ଓଡ଼ିଆ) ... spoken in: Odisha, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
ଅଷ୍ଟପାଦିକା ashtapadika, ଭଦ୍ରବଲ୍ଲୀ bhadaballi, ବିଶଲ୍ୟ କରଣୀ bishalya karani, ହାପର ମଲ୍ଲି hapara malli (or ହାପର ମଲି hapara mali), ଶାତଭୀରୁ shatabhiru, ଶୀତ ଭୀରୁ shita bhiru
ବନ କାନେରୀ ନଈ bana kanieri nai (or ବନ କାନେରୀ bana kaneri)
~~~~~ PUNJABI ~~~~~
written in: Gurmukhi (ਪੰਜਾਬੀ) ... spoken in: Punjab
ਦੂਧੀਬੇਲ dudhibel
~~~~~ RAJASTHANI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (राजस्थानी) ... spoken in: Rajasthan
दूधी बेल dudhi bel
~~~~~ SANSKRIT ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (संस्कृतम्) ... used all over India by priests and scholars
अष्टपदिका ashtapadika, आस्फोत asphota, भद्रवल्ली bhadravalli, भूमिमण्ड bhumimanda, विशल्यकृत् vishalyakrt
  • Learn Sanskrit - पठत संस्कृतम् - शब्दकोशः
~~~~~ TAMIL ~~~~~
written in: Tamil (தமிழ்) ... spoken in: Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
அடுகோட்டப்பாலை adukoottappaalai
~~~~~ TELUGU ~~~~~
written in: Telugu ( తెలుగు) ... spoken in: Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Puducherry
చిన్న మాలతి chinna maalathi, గిన్నె మాలతి ginne maalathi, నాగ మల్లె naga malle, నిత్య మల్లె nitya malle, పాల మల్లె తివ్వ pala malle tivva, పెద్ద మల్లె pedda malle, పాల మల్లె తివ్వ pala malle tivva, విశల్యకరణి visalyakarani
~~~~~ KNOWN DISTRIBUTION in INDIA ~~~~~
Andaman Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal
While modern biodiversity portals index Vallaris solanacea across most major Indian states, a clear distinction must be made between its native wild range and its cultivated footprint. The species is truly indigenous to the sub-Himalayan Terai tracts, the Central Indian deciduous belts, and Northeast India. Conversely, in the southern peninsula and the Andaman Islands, it exists strictly as a legacy horticultural introduction, highly prized for perfumery and ornamentation in resorts, parks, and gardens. ... compiled from the web.
~~~~~ Created on: 13:45 14-10-2026 ¦ Last updated: 17:14 16-10-2026 (DD-MM-YYYY) ~~~~~
Apocynaceae perennial climber liana "Vallaris solanacea" "Peltanthera solanacea" "Vallaris assamensis" "Vallaris heynei" "bread flower"
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Vallaris solanacea (Roth ex Roem. & Schult.) Kuntze

val-LAH-ris -- Latin: vallum (wall, rampart), aris (of or pertaining to) -- belonging to rampart ... Wiktionary so-lan-uh-SEE-uh --...

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