Ziziphus xylopyrus (Retz.) Willd.

ZIZ-ih-fuss -- an ancient Greek name derived from the Persian word zizafun ... Dave's Botanary
zy-lo-PY-rus -- Latin: xylo (woody); pyrus, an ancient Latin name for pear ... Dave's Botanary

commonly known as: woody-fruit jujube • Gujarati: ઘાટ બોર ghat bor • Haryanvi: कठबेर kathber • Hindi: घूंट ghoont, ककोर kakor, कठ बेर kath ber • Kacchhi: ગુટ બેર gut ber • Kannada: ಬಿಳಿ ಚೂರಿಮುಳ್ಳು bili churimullu, ಚಳ್ಳೆ challe, ಗೊಟ್ಟೆ gotte, ಕೊಡಚಿ kodachi, ಕೊಟ್ಟೆಮುಳ್ಳು kottemullu, ಪಾರ್ಪುಲಿ ಗಿಡ paarpuli gida • Karbi: বুকুৰি আৰং bukuri arong • Kol: कर कट्टा kar katta • Konkani: ಗಾಳಾಯಿ ಕಾಂಟ್ಯಾ ಝಾಡ gaalaayi kaantyaa jhaad, गूटी guti, रानबोर ranbor • Kumaoni: भांडेर bhander, कठ बेर kath ber • Malayalam: കൊട്ടമുള്ള് kottamullu • Marathi: घाट बोर ghat bor, घोंट ghonta, हाडकी बोर hadki bor, रानबोर ranbor • Nepali: बन बयर ban bayar • Odia: ଘୋଣ୍ଟା ghonta, କଣ୍ଟା ବହୁଳ kanta bohul • Rajasthani: घटबोर ghatbor • Sanskrit: घोण्टा ghonta • Santali: ᱠᱟᱨᱠᱟᱛ karkat • Tamil: கொட்டையிலந்தை kottai-y-ilantai, முள்ளுடுப்பை mullutuppai • Telugu: గొట్టి gotti, రేగొట్టి reegotti • Tulu: ಕೊಟ್ಟೆಮುಳ್ಳು kottemullu


botanical names: Ziziphus xylopyrus (Retz.) Willd. ... homotypic synonyms: Rhamnus xylopyrus Retz. ... heterotypic synonyms: Ziziphus caracutta Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb. • Ziziphus glaberrima (Sedgw.) Santapau • Ziziphus xylopyrus var. glaberrima Sedgw. ... and more at POWO, retrieved 16 February 2025

orthographical variant: Ziziphus xylopyra (Retz.) Willd.

Bibliography / etymology

Links listed as references in the notes below, may not remain valid permanently. Portals / websites have a tendency to re-organize / revise their content, leading to change in URLs of pages in their site. Some sites may even close down at their own will. The bits about the languages of India mentioned below are merely some bare facts gathered from the internet; just enough to satisfy curiosity about "where" could the listed names be best prevalent in India. All English transliterated names to be taken sensu amplo.

~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~

written and spoken widely, in most parts of India

woody-fruit jujube

• Flowers of India, retrieved February 19, 2025
• or woody-fruited jujube ... Tamil lexicon [Madras], University of Madras

~~~~~ GUJARATI ~~~~~

written in: Gujarati (ગુજરાતી) ... spoken in: Gujarat, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu

ઘાટ બોર ghat bor

• Biological Diversity of Gujarat - published by Gujarat Ecology Commission [accessed on: 16 Dec 2020] ... other name variants: ઘોટ બોર ghot bor / ઘોંટી ghonti / ઘૂંટ બોર ghunt bor

~~~~~ HARYANVI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (हरियाणवी or हरयाणवी) ... spoken in: Haryana, Delhi

कठबेर kathber

• Haryana Forest Flora - A Comprehensive Database of Ligneous Plants of Haryana (India)

~~~~~ HINDI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (हिन्दी) ... spoken in: Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand

घूंट ghoont (or घूट ghoot), ककोर kakor

• Floristic Diversity of Aurangabad | Banka | Kaimur | Munger | Rohtas | Nalanda | Nawada | Udaipur | West Champaran - बिहार वानिकी विकास निगम लिमिटेड (Bihar Forestry Development Corporation Limited)

कठ बेर kath ber

• Forest Flora of Andhra Pradesh - by R D Reddy

~~~~~ KACHCHHI ~~~~~

written in: Gujarati (કચ્છી), Sindhi (ڪڇّي) ... spoken in: Kutch region of Gujarat

ગુટ બેર gut ber (or ગુટ બેરજી વલ gut berji val)

• PLANTS OF CUTCH AND THEIR UTILITY by THAKAR, JAIKRISHNA INDRAJI, 1926
• Patel, Yatin & Patel, Rohitkumar & Pankaj, Joshi & Dabgar, Yogesh. (2011). Study of the Angiospermic flora of Kachchh district, Gujarat, India. Life Sciences Leaflets. 19. 739-768.

~~~~~ KANNADA ~~~~~

written in: Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ) ... spoken in: Karnataka

ಬಿಳಿ ಚೂರಿಮುಳ್ಳು bili churimullu

• Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka - Shodhganga

ಚಳ್ಳೆ challe

• FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants
• The Forest Trees of Mysore and Coorg by Cameron, John, F. L. S. Ed

ಗೊಟ್ಟೆ gotte

• FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants
• Latin and Kannada names of indigenous and medicinal plants of Mysore by S G Narsimhachar
• name variants: ಗೊಟ್ಟ gotta / ಕೊಟ್ಟ kotta ... Alar - an authoritative Kannada-English dictionary corpus created by V. Krishna
• or ಕೊಟ್ಟ kotta ... Five Hundred Indian Plants by Messrs. C. Stolz and G. Plebst, Basel Mission, Mangalore

ಕೊಡಚಿ kodachi

• FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants
• Latin and Kannada names of indigenous and medicinal plants of Mysore by S G Narsimhachar
• Five Hundred Indian Plants by Messrs. C. Stolz and G. Plebst, Basel Mission, Mangalore
• or ಕೊಡಂಚಿ kodanchi ... Alar - an authoritative Kannada-English dictionary corpus created by V. Krishna

ಕೊಟ್ಟೆಮುಳ್ಳು kottemullu

• FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants
• Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka - Shodhganga

ಪಾರ್ಪುಲಿ ಗಿಡ paarpuli gida

• Five Hundred Indian Plants by Messrs. C. Stolz and G. Plebst, Basel Mission, Mangalore
• or ಪಾರ್ಪಾಲಿ paarpaali ... Latin and Kannada names of indigenous and medicinal plants of Mysore by S G Narsimhachar
• or ಪಾರ್ಪಾಲಿ paarpaali ... Alar - an authoritative Kannada-English dictionary corpus created by V. Krishna

~~~~~ KARBI ~~~~~

written in: Roman ... spoken in: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland ... other names for this language: Mikir or Arleng

বুকুৰি আৰং bukuri arong

• Ethnobotanyofnortheastindia (2020 onwards). Database of names of useful plants of north-east India - developed by the members of ethnobotanyofnortheastindia Google-site ... Accessed on 20 February 2025

~~~~~ KOL ~~~~~

written in: Warang Chiti (or Barang Kshiti, Varang Kshiti), Devanagari ... spoken in: Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal ... spoken by: Kol people

कर कट्टा kar katta

• BENGAL PLANTS VOL. I by PRAIN, DAVID

~~~~~ KONKANI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (कोंकणी) / Kannada (ಕೊಂಕಣಿ) / Malayalam (കൊങ്കണി) / Perso-Arabic (کونکنی) / Romi (Konknni) ... spoken in: Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala, Gujarat

ಗಾಳಾಯಿ ಕಾಂಟ್ಯಾ ಝಾಡ gaalaayi kaantyaa jhaad

• Five Hundred Indian Plants by Messrs. C. Stolz and G. Plebst, Basel Mission, Mangalore

गूटी guti, रानबोर ranbor

• Enumeration of plants from Gomantak India with a note on botanical excursions to the Castlerock area by V D Vartak

~~~~~ KUMAONI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari ... spoken in: Uttarakhand

भांडेर bhander, कठ बेर kath ber

• Forest Flora for Kumaon by A. E. Osmaston, F.L.S.

~~~~~ MALAYALAM ~~~~~

written in: Malayalam (മലയാളം) ... spoken in: Kerala, Lakshadweep

കൊട്ടമുള്ള് kottamullu

• Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka - Shodhganga

~~~~~ MARATHI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (मराठी) ... spoken in: Maharashtra, Karnataka

घाट बोर ghat bor, हाडकी बोर hadki bor

• for Ziziphus caracutta Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb. ... The Gazetteer Department - Maharashtra State ... महाराष्ट्रातील वनस्पतीशास्त्र आणि वनसंपदा

घोंट ghonta

• A dictionary, Marathi and English by Molesworth, J. T. (James Thomas)

रानबोर ranbor

• FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants

~~~~~ NEPALI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (नेपाली) ... spoken in: Nepal, West Bengal, Assam, Sikkim

बन बयर ban bayar

• Many thanks to Saroj Kumar Kasaju for help with this name ... efloraofindia

~~~~~ ODIA ~~~~~

written in: Odia (ଓଡ଼ିଆ) ... spoken in: Odisha, Andaman & Nicobar Islands

ଘୋଣ୍ଟା ghonta

• Panda, Pratap & Panda, Sudarsan. (2012). Floral Diversity of Nandankanan Wildlife Sanctuary.

କଣ୍ଟା ବହୁଳ kanta bohul

• BENGAL PLANTS VOL. I by PRAIN, DAVID
• The Useful Plants of India, Publications & Information Directorate, CSIR

~~~~~ RAJASTHANI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (राजस्थानी) ... spoken in: Rajasthan

घटबोर ghatbor

• Bundi - Forest Department - Rajasthan Government
• Banswara - Forest Department - Rajasthan Government

~~~~~ SANSKRIT ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (संस्कृतम्) ... used all over India by priests and scholars

घोण्टा ghonta

• FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants

~~~~~ SANTALI ~~~~~

written in: Ol Chiki (ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ), Bengali (সাঁওতালী), Odia (ସାନ୍ତାଳୀ), Devanagari (सान्ताली), Roman ... spoken in: Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha

ᱠᱟᱨᱠᱟᱛ karkat

• ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ - ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱲᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia
• A Santali-English dictionary by A. Campbell, of the Santal mission

~~~~~ TAMIL ~~~~~

written in: Tamil (தமிழ்) ... spoken in: Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Andaman & Nicobar Islands

கொட்டையிலந்தை kottai-y-ilantai

• Tamil lexicon [Madras], University of Madras

முள்ளுடுப்பை mullutuppai

• for woody-fruited jujube ... Tamil lexicon [Madras], University of Madras
• FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants

~~~~~ TELUGU ~~~~~

written in: Telugu ( తెలుగు) ... spoken in: Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Puducherry

గొట్టి gotti, రేగొట్టి reegotti

• Flora Andhrika - Plant Wealth of Andhra Pradesh, India
• FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants

~~~~~ TULU ~~~~~

written in: Tigalari (Tulu) was used for writing Vedic texts in Sanskrit, Kannada (ತುಳು), Malayalam (തുളു) ... spoken in: Karnataka, north Kerala

ಕೊಟ್ಟೆಮುಳ್ಳು kottemullu

• Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka - Shodhganga

~~~~~ DISTRIBUTION in INDIA ~~~~~

Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh

• Hassler, Michael (1994 - 2025): World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. Version 25.02; last update February 13th, 2025. Last accessed 16/02/2025 (dd/mm/yyyy).
• Andhra Pradesh :: Flora Andhrika - Plant Wealth of Andhra Pradesh, India
• Goa :: Enumeration of plants from Gomantak India with a note on botanical excursions to the Castlerock area by V D Vartak
• Gujarat :: for Ziziphus glaberrima (Sedgw.) Santapau ... Checklist of Gujarat Flora
• Haryana :: Haryana Forest Flora - A Comprehensive Database of Ligneous Plants of Haryana (India)
• Kerala :: University of Michigan Herbarium (MICH:Angiosperms)
• Tamil Nadu :: Digital Flora of Peninsular India by Herbarium JCB

~~~~~ Created on: 10:42 16-02-2025 ¦ Last updated: 12:44 22-02-2025 ~~~~~

Rhamnaceae perennial evergreen "large shrub" "small tree" Zizyphus "Ziziphus caracutta" "Ziziphus xylopyrus var. glaberrima" "Ziziphus glaberrima" "Ziziphus xylopyrus" "Ziziphus xylopyra" "woody-fruited jujube" "woody-fruit jujube"

Zingiber cernuum Dalzell

zing-ee-ber -- from a Sanskrit word meaning shaped like a horn ... Dave's Botanary
SER-new-um or SERN-yoo-um -- nodding ... Dave's Botanary

commonly known as: curved-stem ginger, nodding-stem ginger • Gujarati: જંગલી આદું jungali aadu • Kannada: ಕಾಡು ಶುಂಠಿ kaadu shunthi • Konkani: रान आलें raan alem • Malayalam: മല ഇഞ്ചി mala-inchi • Marathi: रान आले raan-ale • Tulu: ಕಾಟ್ ಸೂಂಟಿ kaatu sunti


botanical names: Zingiber cernuum Dalzell ... synonyms: no synonym known ... POWO, retrieved 15 February 2025

Bibliography / etymology

Links listed as references in the notes below, may not remain valid permanently. Portals / websites have a tendency to re-organize / revise their content, leading to change in URLs of pages in their site. Some sites may even close down at their own will. The bits about the languages of India mentioned below are merely some bare facts gathered from the internet; just enough to satisfy curiosity about "where" could the listed names be best prevalent in India. All English transliterated names to be taken sensu amplo.

~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~

written and spoken widely, in most parts of India

curved-stem ginger, nodding-stem ginger

• for want of name, names coined by Flowers of India, retrieved February 15, 2025

~~~~~ GUJARATI ~~~~~

written in: Gujarati (ગુજરાતી) ... spoken in: Gujarat, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu

જંગલી આદું jungali aadu

• Biological Diversity of Gujarat - published by Gujarat Ecology Commission
• જંગલી આદું jungali aadu = wild ginger

~~~~~ KANNADA ~~~~~

written in: Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ) ... spoken in: Karnataka

ಕಾಡು ಶುಂಠಿ kaadu shunthi

• Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka - Shodhganga ... ಕಾಡು ಶುಂಠಿ kaadu shunthi = wild ginger

~~~~~ KONKANI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (कोंकणी) / Kannada (ಕೊಂಕಣಿ) / Malayalam (കൊങ്കണി) / Perso-Arabic (کونکنی) / Romi (Konknni) ... spoken in: Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala, Gujarat

रान आलें raan alem

• name borrowed from Marathi, for want of name; रान आलें raan alem = wild ginger

~~~~~ MALAYALAM ~~~~~

written in: Malayalam (മലയാളം) ... spoken in: Kerala, Lakshadweep

മല ഇഞ്ചി mala-inchi

• Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka - Shodhganga ... mala-inchi = hill ginger

~~~~~ MARATHI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (मराठी) ... spoken in: Maharashtra, Karnataka

रान आले raan-ale

• Further Flowers of Sahyadri by Shrikant Ingalhalikar, the second among the three field guides to identify plants of northern Western Ghats of India, based on flowers
• Many thanks to Swagat Thorat for help with this name ... efloraofindia
• रान आले raan-ale = wild ginger

~~~~~ TULU ~~~~~

written in: Tigalari (Tulu) was used for writing Vedic texts in Sanskrit, Kannada (ತುಳು), Malayalam (തുളു) ... spoken in: Karnataka, north Kerala

ಕಾಟ್ ಸೂಂಟಿ kaatu sunti

• Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka - Shodhganga ... ಕಾಟ್ ಸೂಂಟಿ kaatu sunti = wild ginger

~~~~~ DISTRIBUTION in INDIA ~~~~~

Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra; endemic

• Hassler, Michael (1994 - 2025): World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. Version 25.02; last update February 13th, 2025. Last accessed 15/02/2025 (dd/mm/yyyy).
• Goa :: Gaikwad S, Gore R, Garad K, Gaikwad S, Mulani R (2015) Geophytes of northern Western Ghats (Sahyadri Ranges) of India: a checklist. Check List 11(1): 1-16.
• Gujarat :: Checklist of Gujarat Flora
• Karnataka :: Karnataka Biodiversity Board, 2019. FLORA OF KARNATAKA, A Checklist, Volume – 2: Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. 1 - 1002 (Published by Karnataka Biodiversity Board)
• Kerala :: Karnataka Biodiversity Board, 2019. FLORA OF KARNATAKA, A Checklist, Volume – 2: Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. 1 - 1002 (Published by Karnataka Biodiversity Board)
• Maharashtra :: Shinde, Rajendra. (2012). Cerejo S., R. Singh, K. Mhatre and Shinde R.D., 2012. 'Additions to the flora of Sanjay Gandhi National Park'. Xplore. 3. 50-56.

~~~~~ Created on: 16:46 15-02-2025 ¦ Last updated: 21:50 15-02-2025 ~~~~~

Zingiberaceae perennial tuberous endemic herb "Zingiber cernuum" "curved-stem ginger" "nodding-stem ginger" "wild ginger"

Zeuxine longilabris (Lindl.) Trimen

ZOO-zin-nee -- Greek: zeuxis (united), for the partial union of the lip and the column ... Dave's Botanary
lon-JEE-lab-riss -- long-lipped ... Dave's Botanary

commonly known as: long-lipped zeuxine


botanical names: Zeuxine longilabris (Lindl.) Trimen ... homotypic synonyms: Haplochilus longilabris (Lindl.) D.Dietr. • Monochilus longilabris Lindl. ... heterotypic synonyms: Monochilus affinis Wight ... POWO, retrieved 14 February 2025

Bibliography / etymology

Links listed as references in the notes below, may not remain valid permanently. Portals / websites have a tendency to re-organize / revise their content, leading to change in URLs of pages in their site. Some sites may even close down at their own will. The bits about the languages of India mentioned below are merely some bare facts gathered from the internet; just enough to satisfy curiosity about "where" could the listed names be best prevalent in India. All English transliterated names to be taken sensu amplo.

~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~

written and spoken widely, in most parts of India

long-lipped zeuxine

• Flowers of India, retrieved February 14, 2025

~~~~~ DISTRIBUTION in INDIA ~~~~~

*Arunachal Pradesh, *Assam, *Bihar, *Goa, *Karnataka, *Kerala, *Maharashtra, *Odisha, *Tamil Nadu, *Telangana, *Tripura, *Uttar Pradesh, *West Bengal

• Hassler, Michael (1994 - 2025): World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. Version 25.02; last update February 13th, 2025. Last accessed 10/02/2025 (dd/mm/yyyy).
• Telangana :: Kothareddy, Prasad & Ravi, Gollamandala & Asalla, Appaiah & Dasari, Veeranjaneyulu. (2023). Zeuxine longilabris (Orchidaceae) – An addition to the orchid flora of Telangana state, India. Nelumbo. 65. 160-161. 10.20324/nelumbo/v65/2023/172686.
• Uttar Pradesh :: Chaurasia, Balmukund & Shukla, Deepak. (2018). Zeuxine longilabris (Orchidaceae): a new record for the flora of Uttar Pradesh, India. 2.

* no given name / no name found in the regional language(s) of the state

!! zoozinnee, zoozinnee everywhere, not a name to call !!

~~~~~ Created on: 17:11 14-02-2025 ¦ Last updated: 11:55 15-02-2025 ~~~~~

Orchidaceae "terrestrial orchid" herb "Zeuxine longilabris" "Haplochilus longilabris" "Monochilus affinis" "Monochilus longilabris" "long-lipped zeuxine"

Zanthoxylum ovalifolium Wight

zan-THOK-sil-um or zan-tho-ZY-lum -- yellow wood ... Dave's Botanary
o-val-ee-FOH-lee-um -- oval leaf ... Dave's Botanary

commonly known as: little yellow-wood, oval-leaf yellow-wood, thorny yellow-wood • Bengali: ছোট তিমুর chota timur • Kannada: ಅರಮಾದಳ aramaadala, ಕಾಡು ಮೆಣಸು kaadu menasu • Khasi: diang-sinualh, diang-shih, tew-kalong • Malayalam: ഗന്ധം കൊളുന്ത് gandham kolunthu, കാട്ടുമുളകു kaattumulaku • Nepali: नाँगे टिमुर naange timur • Telugu: రిజాయి rijayi • Tulu: ಅರೆಮಾಪಲೊ aremaapalo


botanical names: Zanthoxylum ovalifolium Wight ... homotypic synonyms: Fagara ovalifolia (Wight) Engl. ... heterotypic synonyms: Toddalia mitis Miq. ex Hook.f. • Zanthoxylum sepiarium Wight ... and more at POWO, retrieved 14 February 2025
homonym: Zanthoxylum ovalifolium Tutcher ... Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden. 14 Feb 2025

Bibliography / etymology

Links listed as references in the notes below, may not remain valid permanently. Portals / websites have a tendency to re-organize / revise their content, leading to change in URLs of pages in their site. Some sites may even close down at their own will. The bits about the languages of India mentioned below are merely some bare facts gathered from the internet; just enough to satisfy curiosity about "where" could the listed names be best prevalent in India. All English transliterated names to be taken sensu amplo.

~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~

written and spoken widely, in most parts of India

little yellow-wood, oval-leaf yellow-wood, thorny yellow-wood

• Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia

~~~~~ BENGALI ~~~~~

written in: Bengali (বাংলা) ... spoken in: West Bengal, Assam, Jharkhand, Tripura, Andaman & Nicobar Islands

ছোট তিমুর chota timur

• Flora - Mehedi Voice

~~~~~ KANNADA ~~~~~

written in: Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ) ... spoken in: Karnataka

ಅರಮಾದಳ aramaadala, ಕಾಡು ಮೆಣಸು kaadu menasu

• Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka - Shodhganga

~~~~~ KHASI ~~~~~

written in: Latin (Khasi alphabet), Bengali-Assamese ... spoken in: Meghalaya, Assam

diang-sinualh, diang-shih, tew-kalong

• The Useful Plants of India, Publications & Information Directorate, CSIR

~~~~~ MALAYALAM ~~~~~

written in: Malayalam (മലയാളം) ... spoken in: Kerala, Lakshadweep

ഗന്ധം കൊളുന്ത് gandham kolunthu

• Many thanks to Sam Kuzhalanattu for help with this coined name ... efloraofindia ... ഗന്ധം gantham = smell / fragrance / odour; കൊളുന്ത് kolunthu = sprout leaves / young shoot of plant / inflorescence

❌ കാന്തം കൊളുത്ത് kaantham koluthu ❌

• വിക്കിപീഡിയ - സ്വതന്ത്രസർവ്വവിജ്ഞാനകോശം ... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia
• Many thanks to Sam Kuzhalanattu for help with overruling this name ... efloraofindia

കാട്ടുമുളകു kaattumulaku

• Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka - Shodhganga ... കാട്ടുമുളകു kaattumulaku = wild pepper ... named so due to the highly pungent fruits which are used as condiment

~~~~~ NEPALI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (नेपाली) ... spoken in: Nepal, West Bengal, Assam, Sikkim

नाँगे टिमुर naange timur

• Many thanks to Saroj Kumar Kasaju for help with this name ... efloraofindia

~~~~~ TELUGU ~~~~~

written in: Telugu ( తెలుగు) ... spoken in: Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Puducherry

రిజాయి rijayi

• Flora Andhrika - Plant Wealth of Andhra Pradesh, India
• FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants

~~~~~ TULU ~~~~~

written in: Tigalari (Tulu) was used for writing Vedic texts in Sanskrit, Kannada (ತುಳು), Malayalam (തുളു) ... spoken in: Karnataka, north Kerala

ಅರೆಮಾಪಲೊ aremaapalo

• Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka - Shodhganga ... ಅರೆಮಾಪಲೊ aremaapalo = half citrus ... named so due to its small fruits with smell of citrus

~~~~~ DISTRIBUTION in INDIA ~~~~~

Andaman islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Meghalaya, *Nagaland, Sikkim, *Tamil Nadu, West Bengal

• Hassler, Michael (1994 - 2025): World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. Version 25.02; last update February 13th, 2025. Last accessed 14/02/2025 (dd/mm/yyyy).

* no given name / no name found in the regional language(s) of the state

~~~~~ Created on: 12:21 14-02-2025 ¦ Last updated: 14:02 12-03-2025 (DD-MM-YYYY) ~~~~~

Rutaceae shrub "Zanthoxylum ovalifolium" "Fagara ovalifolia" "Toddalia mitis" "Zanthoxylum sepiarium" "little yellow-wood" "oval-leaf yellow-wood" "thorny yellow-wood"

Xylocarpus granatum J.Koenig

zy-lo-KAR-pus -- woody fruit ... Dave's Botanary
gran-AH-tum -- many seeds ... Dave's Botanary

commonly known as: apple mangrove, cannonball mangrove, cedar mangrove, Malay karapa, puzzlenut tree • Bengali: ধুন্দল dhundal, পরুষ parusha • Marathi: भेलांडा bhelanda, कर्पा karpa, समुद्रफळ samudraphal • Odia: ଚେପା chepa, ପୀତାମାରି pitamari, ଶୁଶୁମାର shushumar • Tamil: சொன்முந்திரி conmuntiri, கண்டலங்காய் kantalankay • Telugu: చెనుగ chenuga


botanical names: Xylocarpus granatum J.Koenig ... homotypic synonyms: Carapa granatum (J.Koenig) Alston ... heterotypic synonyms: Carapa carnuosula (Zoll. & Moritzi) Kurz • Carapa obovata Blume • Xylocarpus obovatus (Blume) Spreng. ... and more at POWO, retrieved 12 February 2025

Bibliography / etymology

Links listed as references in the notes below, may not remain valid permanently. Portals / websites have a tendency to re-organize / revise their content, leading to change in URLs of pages in their site. Some sites may even close down at their own will. The bits about the languages of India mentioned below are merely some bare facts gathered from the internet; just enough to satisfy curiosity about "where" could the listed names be best prevalent in India. All English transliterated names to be taken sensu amplo.

~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~

written and spoken widely, in most parts of India

apple mangrove

• EPPO (2025) EPPO Global Database. [accessed on 12 February 2025]

cannonball mangrove, cedar mangrove, puzzlenut tree

• Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia

Malay karapa

• for Carapa obovata Blume ... Tamil lexicon [Madras], University of Madras

~~~~~ BENGALI ~~~~~

written in: Bengali (বাংলা) ... spoken in: West Bengal, Assam, Jharkhand, Tripura, Andaman & Nicobar Islands

ধুন্দল dhundal

• Flora - Mehedi Voice
• Indian Mangroves - ENVIS Resource Partner (RP) on Biodiversity - Botanical Survey of India
• Arisdason W., Magesh C.R. & P. Venu 2008. The Genus Xylocarpus J. König (Meliaceae) in India. Rheedea 18(1): 43-52.

পরুষ parusha

• Bangala Bhashara Abhidhana by Jnanendramohana Dasa

~~~~~ MARATHI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (मराठी) ... spoken in: Maharashtra, Karnataka

भेलांडा bhelanda

• खारफुटीची विविधता (Mangrove Diversity of Maharashtra) - महाराष्ट्र कांदळवन आणि सागरी जैवविविधता संवर्धन प्रतिष्ठान
• Mugade, Nisha & Sapkale, Jagdish. (2014). A Review of Mangrove Conservation Studies in Maharashtra, India. International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR), ER Publications. ISSN 321-0869. 2321-869.

कर्पा karpa

• name coined, for want of name, by Shrikant Ingalhalikar, the author of Further Flowers of Sahyadri, the second among the three field guides to identify plants of northern Western Ghats of India, based on flowers

समुद्रफळ samudraphal

• Mugade, Nisha & Sapkale, Jagdish. (2014). A Review of Mangrove Conservation Studies in Maharashtra, India. International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR), ER Publications. ISSN 321-0869. 2321-869.

~~~~~ ODIA ~~~~~

written in: Odia (ଓଡ଼ିଆ) ... spoken in: Odisha, Andaman & Nicobar Islands

ଚେପା chepa

• Arisdason W., Magesh C.R. & P. Venu 2008. The Genus Xylocarpus J. König (Meliaceae) in India. Rheedea 18(1): 43-52.
• the name rendered in native script needs validation

ପୀତାମାରି pitamari

• Indian Mangroves - ENVIS Resource Partner (RP) on Biodiversity - Botanical Survey of India

ଶୁଶୁମାର shushumar

• Arisdason W., Magesh C.R. & P. Venu 2008. The Genus Xylocarpus J. König (Meliaceae) in India. Rheedea 18(1): 43-52. or ଶିଶୁମାର shishumara
• for Xylocarpus obovatus (Blume) Spreng. ... Purnnachandra Ordia Bhashakosha by Praharaj, G.C.

~~~~~ TAMIL ~~~~~

written in: Tamil (தமிழ்) ... spoken in: Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Andaman & Nicobar Islands

சொன்முந்திரி conmuntiri

• for Malay karapa ... Tamil lexicon [Madras], University of Madras
• FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants

கண்டலங்காய் kantalankay

• for Carapa obovata Blume ... Tamil lexicon [Madras], University of Madras
• FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants

~~~~~ TELUGU ~~~~~

written in: Telugu ( తెలుగు) ... spoken in: Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Puducherry

చెనుగ chenuga

• Flora Andhrika - Plant Wealth of Andhra Pradesh, India

~~~~~ DISTRIBUTION in INDIA ~~~~~

Andaman & Nicobar islands, Andhra Pradesh, !Daman & Diu, *Goa, *Gujarat, !Karnataka, !Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal

• Hassler, Michael (1994 - 2025): World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. Version 25.02; last update February 8th, 2025. Last accessed 12/02/2025 (dd/mm/yyyy).
• Arisdason W., Magesh C.R. & P. Venu 2008. The Genus Xylocarpus J. König (Meliaceae) in India. Rheedea 18(1): 43-52.

* no given name / no name found in the regional language(s) of the state
! distribution doubtful

~~~~~ Created on: 20:32 12-02-2025 ¦ Last updated: 20:58 13-02-2025 ~~~~~

Meliaceae evergreen mangrove tree "Xylocarpus granatum" "Carapa granatum" "Carapa carnuosula" "Carapa obovata" "Xylocarpus obovatus" "apple mangrove" "cannonball mangrove" "cedar mangrove" "Malay karapa" "puzzlenut tree"

Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) W.Theob.

ZY-lee-a -- from the Greek xylon, (wood); referring to the genus having very hard wood ... Dave's Botanary
zy-lo-KAR-puh -- woody fruit ... Dave's Botanary

commonly known as: Burma ironwood, pyinkado • Assamese: চিম চপা shin shapa • Bengali: লোহা কাঠ loha kat • Hindi: जंबू jambu, जांबु jambu, सुरिया suria • Kannada: ಬೆಟ್ಟದಾವರಿಕೆ ಮರ bettadaavarike mara, ಹೊಮ್ಮವರಿಕೆ hommaavarike, ಇರುಳ್ irul, ಜಂಬೆ jambe, ಷಿಲ್ವೆ shilve, ತಕ್ಕು takku, ತಿರುವ tiruva • Konkani: जांबो jambo, येरूळ yerul • Malayalam: ഇരുൾ irul, ഇരുമുള്ള് irumullu, കടമരം kadamaram • Marathi: जांभा jambha, सुरिया suriya, येरूळ yerul • Mizo: thinguk • Nepali: जांबु jambu • Odia: ଢ଼ାମଣି dhamani, କଙ୍ଗଡା kangada, କାଠ ଶିଆଳି katha siali, ଟାଙ୍ଗଣ tangan • Sanskrit: कनककुली kanakakuli, शिंशपा shinshapa • Tamil: இருள் irul, இருவேல் iruvel • Telugu: బోజ boja, ఎర్ర చెన్నంగి erra chennangi, కొండ తంగేడు konda tangedu • Tulu: ಚಿರುವೆ chiruve, ತಿರುವೆ thiruve


botanical names: Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) W.Theob. ... homotypic synonyms: Acacia xylocarpa (Roxb.) Willd. • Inga xylocarpa (Roxb.) DC. • Mimosa xylocarpa Roxb. ... infraspecific: Xylia xylocarpa var. xylocarpa ... heterotypic synonyms: Xylia dolabriformis Benth. ... and more at POWO, retrieved 10 February 2025

Bibliography / etymology

Links listed as references in the notes below, may not remain valid permanently. Portals / websites have a tendency to re-organize / revise their content, leading to change in URLs of pages in their site. Some sites may even close down at their own will. The bits about the languages of India mentioned below are merely some bare facts gathered from the internet; just enough to satisfy curiosity about "where" could the listed names be best prevalent in India. All English transliterated names to be taken sensu amplo.

~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~

written and spoken widely, in most parts of India

Burma ironwood

• for Xylia dolabriformis Benth. ... Tamil lexicon [Madras], University of Madras
• Karnataka Biodiversity Board, 2019. FLORA OF KARNATAKA, A Checklist, Volume – 2: Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. 1 - 1002 (Published by Karnataka Biodiversity Board)
• or Burmese ironwood or Burmah ironwood, a popular name in timber trade

pyinkado

• for Xylia dolabriformis Benth. ... The Useful Plants of India, Publications & Information Directorate, CSIR ... this species introduced into Assam from Myanmar, pyinkado is Burmese name, popular trade name in north-east India
• FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants

~~~~~ ASSAMESE ~~~~~

written in: Assamese (অসমীয়া) ... spoken in: Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya

চিম চপা shin shapa

• Many thanks to Brahmananda Patiri for help with this name ... facebook

~~~~~ BENGALI ~~~~~

written in: Bengali (বাংলা) ... spoken in: West Bengal, Assam, Jharkhand, Tripura, Andaman & Nicobar Islands

লোহা কাঠ loha kat

• Many thanks to Prankrishna Debnath for help with this name ... facebook

~~~~~ HINDI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (हिन्दी) ... spoken in: Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand

जंबू jambu

• बॆरकॆ अट्टिल् - Changing the way in which Tuluvas consume their food

जांबु jambu

• for Xylia dolabriformis Benth. ... Five Hundred Indian Plants by Messrs. C. Stolz and G. Plebst, Basel Mission, Mangalore
• FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants
• मराठी विश्वकोश - महाराष्ट्र राज्य मराठी विश्वकोश निर्मिती मंडळ

सुरिया suria

• The Useful Plants of India, Publications & Information Directorate, CSIR

~~~~~ KANNADA ~~~~~

written in: Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ) ... spoken in: Karnataka

ಬೆಟ್ಟದಾವರಿಕೆ ಮರ bettadaavarike mara

• for Xylia dolabriformis Benth. ... Five Hundred Indian Plants by Messrs. C. Stolz and G. Plebst, Basel Mission, Mangalore
• FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants

ಹೊಮ್ಮವರಿಕೆ hommaavarike

• Alar - an authoritative Kannada-English dictionary corpus created by V. Krishna
• FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants

ಇರುಳ್ irul, ಜಂಬೆ jambe, ಷಿಲ್ವೆ shilve

• Alar - an authoritative Kannada-English dictionary corpus created by V. Krishna
• S G Narsimhachar - Latin and Kannada names of indigenous and medicinal plants of Mysore - Mandayam Digital Library
• FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants
• ಇರುಳ್ irul - a popular name in timber trade

ತಕ್ಕು takku (or ಅರಸುತಕ್ಕು arasutakku)

• Alar - an authoritative Kannada-English dictionary corpus created by V. Krishna
• The Useful Plants of India, Publications & Information Directorate, CSIR

ತಿರುವ tiruva

• Alar - an authoritative Kannada-English dictionary corpus created by V. Krishna
• for Xylia dolabriformis Benth. ... Five Hundred Indian Plants by Messrs. C. Stolz and G. Plebst, Basel Mission, Mangalore
• FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants

~~~~~ KONKANI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (कोंकणी) / Kannada (ಕೊಂಕಣಿ) / Malayalam (കൊങ്കണി) / Perso-Arabic (کونکنی) / Romi (Konknni) ... spoken in: Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala, Gujarat

जांबो jambo

• for Xylia dolabriformis Benth. ... Enumeration of plants from Gomantak India with a note on botanical excursions to the Castlerock area by V D Vartak
• or जांभा jambha ... Datar, Mandar & Lakshminarasimhan, P.. (2013). Check List of Wild Angiosperms of Bhagwan Mahavir (Molem) National Park, Goa, India. Check List. 9. 186-207. 10.15560/9.2.186.

येरूळ yerul

• for Xylia dolabriformis Benth. ... Enumeration of plants from Gomantak India with a note on botanical excursions to the Castlerock area by V D Vartak

~~~~~ MALAYALAM ~~~~~

written in: Malayalam (മലയാളം) ... spoken in: Kerala, Lakshadweep

ഇരുൾ irul, ഇരുമുള്ള് irumullu, കടമരം kadamaram

• Many thanks to Sam Kuzhalanattu for help with these names ... efloraofindia
• വിക്കിപീഡിയ - സ്വതന്ത്രസർവ്വവിജ്ഞാനകോശം ... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia ...
• FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants
• The Useful Plants of India, Publications & Information Directorate, CSIR ... ഇരുൾ irul - a popular name in timber trade
• Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka - Shodhganga

~~~~~ MARATHI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (मराठी) ... spoken in: Maharashtra, Karnataka

जांभा jambha

• मराठी विश्वकोश - महाराष्ट्र राज्य मराठी विश्वकोश निर्मिती मंडळ
• or जंभा jambha ... The Gazetteer Department - Maharashtra State ... महाराष्ट्रातील वनस्पतीशास्त्र आणि वनसंपदा
• or जांब jamba for Inga xylocarpa (Roxb.) DC. ... A dictionary, Marathi and English by Molesworth, J. T. (James Thomas)

सुरिया suriya, येरूळ yerul

• The Gazetteer Department - Maharashtra State ... महाराष्ट्रातील वनस्पतीशास्त्र आणि वनसंपदा
• or सुरीया suriya ... मराठी विश्वकोश - महाराष्ट्र राज्य मराठी विश्वकोश निर्मिती मंडळ
• The Useful Plants of India, Publications & Information Directorate, CSIR

~~~~~ MIZO ~~~~~

written in: Latin, Bengali-Assamese ... spoken in: Mizoram ... other names for this language: Lushai, Duhlian

thing-uk

• Mizoram Hmulphurh leh Thlai Hmingte (Mizo - Botanical names) THUHMAHRUAI - by R.Thansanga
• State Medicinal Plants Board - Mizoram
• Rai, Prabhat. (2010). Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Mizoram, India: Implication of Traditional Knowledge in Health Care System. Ethnobotanical Leaflets. 14.

~~~~~ NEPALI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (नेपाली) ... spoken in: Nepal, West Bengal, Assam, Sikkim

जांबु jambu

• for Xylia dolabriformis Benth. ... Ancient Nepal - Journal of the Department of Archaeology

~~~~~ ODIA ~~~~~

written in: Odia (ଓଡ଼ିଆ) ... spoken in: Odisha, Andaman & Nicobar Islands

ଢ଼ାମଣି dhamani

• Many thanks to Dr Prabhat Kumar Das for help with this name ... efloraofindia
• Sibangini Misra - Survey of edible plants for human consumption in south Odisha, India, International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.7, Issue 12, page no.277-296, December-2020
• The Useful Plants of India, Publications & Information Directorate, CSIR

କଙ୍ଗଡା kangada

• Many thanks to Dr Prabhat Kumar Das for help with this name ... efloraofindia
• ଉଇକିପିଡ଼ିଆ - ଏକ ଖୋଲା ଜ୍ଞାନକୋଷ ... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia
• Kumar, Sanjeet & Mishra, Sweta & Mishra, Arun & Kumar N, Sanath. (2023). Floral diversity of Koira and Barsuan Ranges, Bonai Forest Division, Odisha
• Panda, Pratap & Panda, Sudarsan. (2012). Floral Diversity of Nandankanan Wildlife Sanctuary.
• name variant: କଙ୍ଗରା kangara ... Purnnachandra Ordia Bhashakosha by Praharaj, G.C.

କାଠ ଶିଆଳି katha siali, ଟାଙ୍ଗଣ tangan

• Many thanks to Dr Prabhat Kumar Das for help with these names ... facebook
• Panda, Pratap & Panda, Sudarsan. (2012). Floral Diversity of Nandankanan Wildlife Sanctuary.

~~~~~ SANSKRIT ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (संस्कृतम्) ... used all over India by priests and scholars

कनककुली kanakakuli

• बॆरकॆ अट्टिल् - Changing the way in which Tuluvas consume their food
• मराठी विश्वकोश - महाराष्ट्र राज्य मराठी विश्वकोश निर्मिती मंडळ
• The Useful Plants of India, Publications & Information Directorate, CSIR

शिंशपा shinshapa

• FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants
• The Useful Plants of India, Publications & Information Directorate, CSIR

~~~~~ TAMIL ~~~~~

written in: Tamil (தமிழ்) ... spoken in: Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Andaman & Nicobar Islands

இருள் irul

• for Burmah ironwood ... Tamil lexicon [Madras], University of Madras
• The Useful Plants of India, Publications & Information Directorate, CSIR ... இருள் irul - a popular name in timber trade
• FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants

இருவேல் iruvel

• for Xylia dolabriformis Benth. ... Tamil lexicon [Madras], University of Madras ... or இருள்வேல் irulvel

~~~~~ TELUGU ~~~~~

written in: Telugu ( తెలుగు) ... spoken in: Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Puducherry

బోజ boja, ఎర్ర చెన్నంగి erra chennangi, కొండ తంగేడు konda tangedu

• Flora Andhrika - Plant Wealth of Andhra Pradesh, India
• FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants

~~~~~ TULU ~~~~~

written in: Tigalari (Tulu) was used for writing Vedic texts in Sanskrit, Kannada (ತುಳು), Malayalam (തുളു) ... spoken in: Karnataka, north Kerala

ಚಿರುವೆ chiruve, ತಿರುವೆ thiruve

• बॆरकॆ अट्टिल् - Changing the way in which Tuluvas consume their food
• Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka - Shodhganga

~~~~~ DISTRIBUTION in INDIA ~~~~~

Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal

• Hassler, Michael (1994 - 2025): World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. Version 25.02; last update February 8th, 2025. Last accessed 10/02/2025 (dd/mm/yyyy).
• Karnataka Biodiversity Board, 2019. FLORA OF KARNATAKA, A Checklist, Volume – 2: Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. 1 - 1002 (Published by Karnataka Biodiversity Board)

~~~~~ Created on: 15:01 10-02-2025 ¦ Last updated: 13:11 13-02-2025 ~~~~~

Fabaceae tropical deciduous tree "Xylia xylocarpa" "Acacia xylocarpa" "Inga xylocarpa" "Mimosa xylocarpa" "Xylia dolabriformis" "Burma ironwood" "Burmah ironwood" "Burmese ironwood"