Saturday, 1 August 2026

Carissa carandas L.

Carissa carandas L.

kar-ISS-uh -- Latinized form of Indian vernacular name for this genus ... Dave's Botanary
kuh-RAN-das or ka-RAN-duhz -- Latinized form of the Konkani / Marathi name (करांदा karanda) of this plant ... compiled from the web
commonly known as: Bengal currant, karanda • Ahom: কৰ্জা টেঙা karja tenga • Assamese: কৰ্জা টেঙা korja tenga • Bengali: করমচা karamcha • Dogri: बड्डा गरना badda garna, बागी गरना baagi garna • Gujarati: કરમદી karamdi • Haryanvi: करौंदा karaunda • Hindi: बलालक balalak, डिण्डिम dindim, करौंदा karaunda, कृष्ण krishna, पाकफल pak-phal, सुषेण sushen • Kannada: ಅವಿಗ್ನ avigna, ಗರ್ಜಿ garji, ಹರೀಕಳಿವಿ harikalivi, ಕಳವೆ kalave, ಕಮರಿಕೆ kamarike, ಕಣಬೆ kanabe, ಕರಮರ್ದ karamarda, ಕರಂಡ karanda, ಕರವಡೀ karavadi, ಕರಿಚೆ kariche, ಕವಳ kavala, ಕೊರಿಂಡ korinda, ಕೃಷ್ಣಪಾಕಫಲ krishna-paakaphala, ಸುಷೇಣ sushena • Kol: कनुवान 𑢪𑢫𑢵𑢾𑢫 kanuwan • Konkani: ಕಾರಾಂಜ kaaraanja, काण्टां kantam, करवंदी karvandi • Kurukh: कनुवान কনূবান କନୁୱାନ kanuwan • Malayalam: കാരക്ക kaarakka, കാരപ്പഴം kaarappazham, കളാവു kalaavu, കരണ്ടകം karantakam, കരിമുള്ളി karimulli, കറുത്തചെറി karuttacheri, ക്ലാവ് klavu • Marathi: करांदा karanda, कारिंदा karinda, करवंद karvanda • Nepali: करौँजि karaunji • Odia: ଆଙ୍କୁକୋଳି ankukoli, କରମର୍ଦ୍ଦ karamardda, କରନ୍ଦା karanda, ନଳିନ nalina, ପାକ କୃଷ୍ଣpaka krushna, ରୋଚନ rochana, ସକଣ୍ଟକ sakantaka, ସୁଷେଣ sushena, ସୁଷ୍ମ sushma • Pahari: गारींगा garinga, गोठो gotho, गुरणा gurna, करौंदा karaunda, तिमुखिया timukhia • Punjabi: ਕੌਂਦਾ karaunda • Rajasthani: करोंदा karonda • Sanskrit: अविग्न avigna, डिण्डिम dindima, करमर्द karamarda, करमर्दी karamardi, कराम्बुक karambuka, कृष्ण krshna, कृष्णपाक krshnapaka, क्षीरफल kshiraphala, नलिनदल nalinadala, पाककृष्ण pakakrshna, पाकफल pakaphala, पाणिमर्द panimarda, फलकृष्ण phalakrshna, फलपाक phalapaka, सुषेण shushena, वनामल vanamala, वरालक varalaka, वराम्र varamra, वारिवर varivara, वश vasha, विघ्न vighna • Santali: ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱩᱢ janum, ᱠᱟᱸᱲᱣᱟᱠ karwak, ᱠᱟᱸᱲᱣᱟᱛ karwat • Tamil: களாக்காய் kalakkay, பெருங்களா perunkala • Telugu: కలివెచెట్టు kalive-chettu, ఓకచెట్టు oka-chettu, పెద్దకలివి pedda kalivi, పెద్దవాక్కాయ pedda vaaka-kaaya, వాకకాయ vaaka-kaaya • Tulu: ಕರಂಡೆ ಪುಳಿಮರ karande pulimara • Urdu: بلالك balalak, ڐنڐم dindim, کروندا karaunda, کرشن krishna, پاک پھل pak-phal, سشين sushen

known for / parts made use of: fruits, roots, leaves, bark, milky latex, the thorns & whole shrub (living fence) ... compiled from the web
botanical names: Carissa carandas L. ... homotypic synonyms: Arduina carandas (L.) Baill. • Jasminonerium carandas (L.) Kuntze • Capparis carandas (L.) Burm.f. ... heterotypic synonyms: Carissa salicina Lam. • Echites spinosus Burm.f. • Jasminonerium salicinum (Lam.) Kuntze ... and more at POWO, retrieved July 29, 2026
Bibliography / etymology / notes
Links listed as references in the notes below, may not remain valid permanently. Portals / websites have a tendency to re-organize / revise their content, leading to change in URLs of pages in their site. Some sites may even close down at their own will. The bits about the languages of India mentioned below are merely some bare facts gathered from the internet; just enough to satisfy curiosity about "where" could the listed names be best prevalent in India. All English transliterated names to be taken sensu amplo.
~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~
written and spoken widely, in most parts of India
Bengal currant
  • Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia ... (accessed: July 29, 2026)
  • Name coined during the colonial era — the clusters of dark, ripe berries heavily resemble true European currants (Ribes); it grew abundantly across the Bengal Presidency. ... compiled from the web.
karanda
~~~~~ AHOM ~~~~~
written in: Ahom, Latin, Assamese ... mainly used by priests and scholars for religious and educational purposes; spoken in: erstwhile Ahom kingdom (some part in present day Assam) ... other names for this language: Tai-Ahom
কৰ্জা টেঙা karja tenga
~~~~~ ASSAMESE ~~~~~
written in: Assamese (অসমীয়া) ... spoken in: Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya
কৰ্জা টেঙা korja tenga
  • XOBDO - Your gateway to multilingual knowledge and resources ... (accessed: August 01, 2026)
~~~~~ BENGALI ~~~~~
written in: Bengali (বাংলা) ... spoken in: West Bengal, Assam, Jharkhand, Tripura, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
করমচা karamcha
~~~~~ DOGRI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (डोगरी) ... spoken in: Jammu & Kashmir ... spoken by the Dogras
बड्डा गरना badda garna, बागी गरना baagi garna
  • Many thanks to OM Prakash Vidyarthi for help with these names ... facebook
~~~~~ GUJARATI ~~~~~
written in: Gujarati (ગુજરાતી) ... spoken in: Gujarat, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu
કરમદી karamdi
~~~~~ HARYANVI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (हरियाणवी or हरयाणवी) ... spoken in: Haryana, Delhi
करौंदा karaunda
~~~~~ HINDI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (हिन्दी) ... spoken in: Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand
बलालक balalak, डिण्डिम dindim, करौंदा karaunda (or करोंदा karonda), कृष्ण krishna, पाकफल pak-phal, सुषेण sushen
~~~~~ KANNADA ~~~~~
written in: Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ) ... spoken in: Karnataka
ಅವಿಗ್ನ avigna, ಕಮರಿಕೆ kamarike, ಸುಷೇಣ sushena
ಗರ್ಜಿ garji, ಕಣಬೆ kanabe, ಕರಿಚೆ kariche
ಹರೀಕಳಿವಿ harikalivi (or ಹರಿಕಳವಿ hari kalavi)
ಕಳವೆ kalave, ಕರಮರ್ದ karamarda (or ಕರಮರ್ದಕ karamardaka, ಕರಮರಿಕೆ karamarike), ಕೃಷ್ಣಪಾಕಫಲ krishna-paakaphala
ಕರಂಡ karanda (or ಕರಂಡೆ karande)
ಕರವಡೀ karavadi, ಕೊರಿಂಡ korinda
ಕವಳ kavala (or ಕವಳೆ kavale, ಕವಳಿ kavali | extended: ಕವಳಿಕಾಯಿ ಗಿಡ kavalikaayi gida)
~~~~~ KOL ~~~~~
written in: Warang Chiti (or Barang Kshiti, Varang Kshiti), Devanagari ... spoken in: Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal ... spoken by: Kol people
कनुवान 𑢪𑢫𑢵𑢾𑢫 kanuwan
~~~~~ KONKANI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (कोंकणी) / Kannada (ಕೊಂಕಣಿ) / Malayalam (കൊങ്കണി) / Perso-Arabic (کونکنی) / Romi (Konknni) ... spoken in: Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala, Gujarat
ಕಾರಾಂಜ kaaraanja
काण्टां kantam
करवंदी karvandi
  • V D Vartak (1966) - Enumeration of plants from Gomantak India with a note on botanical excursions to the Castlerock area :: Chapter 5 :: Shodhganga :: a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET
  • The term करवंदी karvandi is utilized primarily by field foragers and foresters to designate the living, thorny, sprawling shrub itself as it grows in the wild scrub terrain, as such the plant's habit is considered feminine. The term करवंदो karvando is triggered when referring specifically to the harvested individual berry. ... compiled from the web.
~~~~~ KURUKH ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (कुँड़ुख़), Assamese-Bangla (কুড়ুখ্), Odia (କୁଡ଼ୁଖ୍), Kurukh Banna and Tolong Siki ... spoken by the Kurukh (Oraon) and Kisan people ... spoken in: Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, Assam, Bihar and Tripura ... other names for this language: Kurux, Oraon, Uraon, Uranw
कनुवान কনূবান କନୁୱାନ kanuwan
  • A forest flora of Chota Nagpur including Gangpur and the Santal-Parganahs by Haines, Henry Haselfoot, 1867-1943
  • कनुवान kanuwan (Devanagari in Jharkhand); কনূবান kanuwan (Bengali script in West Bengal); କନୁୱାନ kanuwan (Odia script in Odisha)
  • Note on Indigenous Typography: While modern cultural revival movements utilize the specialized Tolong Siki alphabet for the Kurukh language, the entry here is anchored via Devanagari, Bengali, and Odia scripts to mirror the historical geographic distribution of the Oraon communities across Jharkhand, West Bengal, and Odisha. This ensures digital cross-compatibility across all web-browsing frameworks while avoiding modern font-mapping artifacts. ... compiled from the web.
~~~~~ MALAYALAM ~~~~~
written in: Malayalam (മലയാളം) ... spoken in: Kerala, Lakshadweep
കാരക്ക kaarakka, ക്ലാവ് klavu
  • Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka :: Chapter 4 :: Shodhganga - a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET
  • കാരക്ക kaarakka — derived from the standard Malayalam noun, historically used to designate a dried date (Phoenix dactylifera). The application of this name to Carissa carandas represents a brilliant visual analogy born out of rural foraging cultures. When the green berries reach peak maturity, they shrivel slightly on the spiny branches, losing their glossy pink hue and darkening into a deep, wrinkled, oblong midnight-purple or brownish-black format. Because these clusters of dried, wild-ripened berries bear an uncanny physical resemblance to small strings of dried dates, indigenous foraging communities natively branded them as the "forest dates" — Kaarakka. ... compiled from the web.
  • ക്ലാവ് klavu — a traditional Malayalam noun representing the natural green-blue patina, oxide, or verdigris that forms on copper and bronze alloys over time. Metaphorically, it describes the distinctive chalky, bluish-green matte bloom that coats the unripe berries before full maturation. Practico-domestically, the highly acidic juices of the raw fruit and leaves were anciently deployed by rural households as a natural cleansing scour to polish brassware and chemically strip away metallic tarnish (klavu). ... compiled from the web.
കാരപ്പഴം kaarappazham
  • വിക്കിപീഡിയ - സ്വതന്ത്രസർവ്വവിജ്ഞാനകോശം ... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia ... (accessed: July 31, 2026)
  • കാരപ്പഴം kaarappazham — a deeply authentic, traditional Malayalam vernacular compound name, derived by uniting the ancestral Dravidian descriptor കാര kaara (a thorny scrub-bush) with പഴം pazham (ripe fruit). It is quite an eminent colloquial term preserved in the oral traditions and rural foraging cultures of Kerala. ... compiled from the web.
കളാവു kalaavu, കരണ്ടകം karantakam
കരിമുള്ളി karimulli
  • Nazarudeen, A., Shareef, S. M., Kalesh, K. S., Salim, M., Hussain, A., Shaju, T., Rajvikraman, R., & Prakashkumar, R. (2022). Wild and lesser-known fruit germplasm in JNTBGRI: An approach for ex-situ conservation. - Indian Horticulture, 67(3). ... (downloaded: Oct 30, 2024)
  • കരിമുള്ളി karimulli — a classic descriptive compound name uniting the Dravidian roots: കരി kari, meaning "black, dark, or charred" with മുള്ളി mulli, meaning "thorny plant" or "thorn-bearer". ... compiled from the web.
കറുത്തചെറി karuttacheri
  • Enchanting India - Medicinal Plants Of India ... (accessed: July 31, 2026)
  • വിക്കിപീഡിയ - സ്വതന്ത്രസർവ്വവിജ്ഞാനകോശം ... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia ... (accessed: July 31, 2026)
  • കറുത്തചെറി karuttacheri literally translates to "Black Cherry". A modern descriptive colloquial compound name combining കറുത്ത karutta (black) and ചെറി cheri (cherry). ... compiled from the web.
  • The name directly reflects the fruit's physical transformation upon full maturation, where the clusters turn a glossy, deep purple-black. Crucially, the name carries significant commercial weight in Kerala; Carissa carandas berries are traditionally processed, de-seeded, and candied to manufacture the ubiquitous "glacé cherries" used across the South Indian baking industry. ... compiled from the web [↗].
~~~~~ MARATHI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (मराठी) ... spoken in: Maharashtra, Karnataka
करांदा karanda (or कारंदा karanda)
कारिंदा karinda
  • Molesworth, J. T. (James Thomas). A dictionary, Marathi and English. 2d ed., rev. and enl. Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's press, 1857.
करवंद karvanda (or करवंदी karvandi)
~~~~~ NEPALI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (नेपाली) ... spoken in: Nepal, West Bengal, Assam, Sikkim, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Jammu & Kashmir
करौँजि karaunji
~~~~~ ODIA ~~~~~
written in: Odia (ଓଡ଼ିଆ) ... spoken in: Odisha, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
ଆଙ୍କୁକୋଳି ankukoli
କରମର୍ଦ୍ଦ karamardda, କରନ୍ଦା karanda, ନଳିନ nalina, ପାକ କୃଷ୍ଣpaka krushna, ରୋଚନ rochana, ସକଣ୍ଟକ sakantaka, ସୁଷେଣ sushena, ସୁଷ୍ମ sushma
~~~~~ PAHARI (or PAHADI) ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (पहाड़ी), Perso-Arabic (پہاڑی) ... variety of languages, dialects and language groups, spoken in Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand
गारींगा garinga, गोठो gotho, गुरणा gurna, करौंदा karaunda, तिमुखिया timukhia
  • Green Audit Report — Swami Vivekanand Government College, Ghumarwin, District Bilaspur (H.P.) ... (accessed: August 01, 2026)
~~~~~ PUNJABI ~~~~~
written in: Gurmukhi (ਪੰਜਾਬੀ) ... spoken in: Punjab
ਕੌਂਦਾ karaunda
  • Singh, Maya. The Panjabi dictionary. Lahore: Munshi Gulab Singh & Sons, 1895.
  • While Bhai Maya Singh's dictionary guides the reader with the Hindi-aligned English transliteration "karauṇdá", a strict linguistic decryption of the Gurmukhi script entry ਕੌਂਦਾ reveals it is explicitly spelled and pronounced as Kauṇdā. In the everyday spoken language of the Punjab plains, the tongue drops the interior 'R' sound, compressing it into the sleek, punchy local variant Kauṇdā. ... compiled from the web.
~~~~~ RAJASTHANI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (राजस्थानी) ... spoken in: Rajasthan
करोंदा karonda
~~~~~ SANSKRIT ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (संस्कृतम्) ... used all over India by priests and scholars
अविग्न avigna, डिण्डिम dindima, करमर्द karamarda (or करमर्दक karamardaka), करमर्दी karamardi, कराम्बुक karambuka, कृष्ण krshna, कृष्णपाक krshnapaka, क्षीरफल kshiraphala, नलिनदल nalinadala, पाककृष्ण pakakrshna, पाकफल pakaphala, पाणिमर्द panimarda, फलकृष्ण phalakrshna, फलपाक phalapaka, सुषेण shushena, वनामल vanamala, वरालक varalaka, वराम्र varamra, वारिवर varivara, वश vasha, विघ्न vighna
  • Learn Sanskrit - पठत संस्कृतम् - शब्दकोशः
~~~~~ SANTALI ~~~~~
written in: Ol Chiki (ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ), Bengali (সাঁওতালী), Odia (ସାନ୍ତାଳୀ), Devanagari (सान्ताली), Roman ... spoken in: Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha
ᱠᱟᱸᱲᱣᱟᱠ karwak, ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱩᱢ janum
ᱠᱟᱸᱲᱣᱟᱛ karwat
~~~~~ TAMIL ~~~~~
written in: Tamil (தமிழ்) ... spoken in: Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
களாக்காய் kalakkay
  • University of Madras. Tamil lexicon. [Madras], University of Madras, 1924-1936.
  • The Useful Plants of India (CSIR, Publications & Information Directorate)
  • களாக்காய் kalakkay — a descriptive compound uniting the ancient Tamil generic base களா kala — used to designate the Carissa genus with காய் kay, denoting a raw, unripe fruit. ... compiled from the web.
பெருங்களா perunkala
  • University of Madras. Tamil lexicon. [Madras], University of Madras, 1924-1936.
  • பெரு peru or பெரும் perum = large, big; களா kala represents the Carissa genus. While the strictly wild, aggressively thorny cousin Carissa spinarum was labeled சிறுங்களா sirunkala due to its diminutive leaves and tiny, sparse berries, the larger, semi-cultivated, fleshy-fruited Carissa carandas was naturally designated as பெருங்களா perunkala. ... compiled from the web.
~~~~~ TELUGU ~~~~~
written in: Telugu ( తెలుగు) ... spoken in: Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Puducherry
కలివెచెట్టు kalive-chettu, ఓకచెట్టు oka-chettu, వాకకాయ vaaka-kaaya (or వాక్కాయ vaakkaaya)
పెద్దకలివి pedda kalivi, పెద్దవాక్కాయ pedda vaaka-kaaya
~~~~~ TULU ~~~~~
written in: Tigalari (Tulu) was used for writing Vedic texts in Sanskrit, Kannada (ತುಳು), Malayalam (തുളു) ... spoken in: Karnataka, north Kerala
ಕರಂಡೆ ಪುಳಿಮರ karande pulimara (archaic typeset as: ಕಂರ್ಡೆ ಪುಳಿಮರ karnde pulimara / ಕಂರ್ಡೇಪುಳಿ karnde-puli)
~~~~~ URDU ~~~~~
written in: Urdu (اردو) ... spoken in: Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Bihar, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka
بلالك balalak, ڐنڐم dindim, کروندا karaunda, کرشن krishna, پاک پھل pak-phal, سشين sushen
~~~~~ KNOWN DISTRIBUTION in INDIA ~~~~~
Native to the west coast, Western Ghats and sub-Himalayan foothills; thrives naturally in drought-resistant pocket regions of tropical and subtropical scrub, dry-deciduous forest fringes; cultivated elsewhere.
  • compiled from the web.
~~~~~ Created on: 21:45 29-07-2026 ¦ Last updated: 21:03 01-08-2026 (DD-MM-YYYY) ~~~~~
Apocynaceae tropical perennial evergreen shrub climber straggler "Carissa carandas" "Arduina carandas" "Jasminonerium carandas" "Capparis carandas" "Carissa salicina" "Echites spinosus" "Jasminonerium salicinum" "Bengal currant" "karanda"
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Carissa carandas L.

kar-ISS-uh -- Latinized form of Indian vernacular name for this genus ... Dave's Botanary kuh-RAN-das or ka-RAN-duhz -- Latinize...

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