Thursday, 6 August 2026

Carissa spinarum L.

Carissa spinarum L.

kar-ISS-uh -- Latinized form of Indian vernacular name for this genus ... Dave's Botanary
spi-NAH-rum -- Latin: spina (thorn, spine); arum (of the); literally translates to "of thorns" or "of the spines" ... compiled from the web
commonly known as: wild karanda • Bengali: করমচা karamcha • Dogri: गरना garna, गरंडा garanda, गरौंदा garaunda • Garhwali: गरणा garna, करोंधू karondhu, करूंदा karunda, खर्नू kharnu • Gojari: गरच्छ garach, ग्रँडा granda • Gujarati: કારિંદા karinda • Haryanvi: जंगली करौंदा jungli karonda • Hindi: गरने garnae, जंगली करौंदा jungli karonda, करोंदी karondi • Kannada: ಚಿಕ್ಕಕವಳಿ chikka kavali, ಕರಿಚಿ karichi, ನಾಯಿಕಲಮೆ naayikalame • Kol: कनुवान 𑢪𑢫𑢵𑢾𑢫 kanuwan • Konkani: व्हडली काण्टां vhadli kantam • Kumaoni: करौंदा karaunda, करूंदा karunda • Kurukh: कनुवान কনূবান କନୁୱାନ kanuwan • Malayalam: ചെറുമുൾച്ചെടി cherumulchedi, ചെറുമുള്ളി cherumulli, മുള്ളി mulli • Marathi: करवंद karvanda • Nepali: जङ्गली करौँदा jangalee karaundaa • Odia: ଆଙ୍କୁକୋଳି ankukoli, ଦୁଧକୋଳି dudhakoli, ଖିରିକୋଳି khirikoli, ସାନ କରେଣ୍ଡା san karenda • Pahari: गरौंदा garaunda, गरणा garna, गुरणू gurnu, करौंदा karaunda • Punjabi: ਗਣ gan, ਮਰਦਕ mardak • Rajasthani: करोन्दा karonda • Sanskrit: करमर्दिका karamardika • Santali: ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱩᱢ janum, ᱠᱟᱸᱲᱣᱟᱠ karwak • Tamil: சிறுகளா chirukala • Telugu: చిన్న కలివి channa kalavi, కలే కాయ kale kaaya, కలిమి kalimi, వాకకాయ vaaka-kaaya, వాకిర్లు wakirlu • Tulu: ಕರಂಡೆ karande

known for / parts made use of: the fruit (nutritional & culinary), the roots (medicinal), the leaves and bark (therapeutic), the stems and spines (dead hedge as well as living fence) ... compiled from the web.
botanical names: Carissa spinarum L. ... heterotypic synonyms: Carissa carandas var. congesta (Wight) Bedd. • Carissa congesta Wight • Carissa diffusa Roxb. • Carissa inermis Vahl • Carissa opaca Stapf ex Haines ... and more at POWO, retrieved August 04, 2026
Bibliography / etymology / notes
Links listed as references in the notes below, may not remain valid permanently. Portals / websites have a tendency to re-organize / revise their content, leading to change in URLs of pages in their site. Some sites may even close down at their own will. The bits about the languages of India mentioned below are merely some bare facts gathered from the internet; just enough to satisfy curiosity about "where" could the listed names be best prevalent in India. All English transliterated names to be taken sensu amplo.
~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~
written and spoken widely, in most parts of India
wild karanda (the true karanda)
~~~~~ BENGALI ~~~~~
written in: Bengali (বাংলা) ... spoken in: West Bengal, Assam, Jharkhand, Tripura, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
করমচা karamcha
~~~~~ DOGRI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (डोगरी) ... spoken in: Jammu & Kashmir ... spoken by the Dogras
गरना garna (or: गड़ना garna, variants: गिरना girna, गिड़ना girna), गरंडा garanda (or: गरांडा garanda, variant: ग्रन्डा granda)
गरौंदा garaunda
  • The Useful Plants of India (CSIR, Publications & Information Directorate)
  • While CSIR's publication "The Useful Plants of India" and its parent volume "The Wealth of India" formally log Garaunda under the geographical marker "Kashmir" this is actually an administrative and linguistic carryover from colonial-era surveys. Carissa spinarum grows abundantly in the subtropical, dry Shivalik and Kandi hill belts of Jammu (bordering Punjab), but it does not naturally survive or grow in the cold, temperate climate of the Kashmir Valley itself. In the 19th century, British surveyors used "Kashmir" broadly to denote the entire princely state of Jammu & Kashmir. The word Garaunda (गरौंदा) is a regional, Dogri / Hindustani dialectical variant spoken in the Jammu hills rather than a native Kashmiri language word. ... compiled from the web.
~~~~~ GARHWALI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (गढ़वळि) ... spoken in: Uttarakhand
गरणा garna, करोंधू karondhu, करूंदा karunda, खर्नू kharnu
~~~~~ GOJARI ~~~~~
written in: Takri, Perso-Arabic, Devanagari ... spoken in: Jammu and Kashmir, northern Punjab, Himachal Pradesh ... also spelt as: Gojri, Gujari, Gujri ... spoken by: nomadic community of Gurjar (or also known by other names: Gujjar, Gujar, Gurjara)
गरच्छ garach, ग्रँडा granda
  • Many thanks to OM Prakash Vidyarthi for help with these names ... facebook
~~~~~ GUJARATI ~~~~~
written in: Gujarati (ગુજરાતી) ... spoken in: Gujarat, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu
કારિંદા karinda
~~~~~ HARYANVI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (हरियाणवी or हरयाणवी) ... spoken in: Haryana, Delhi
जंगली करौंदा jungli karonda
  • Haryana Forest Flora - A Comprehensive Database of Ligneous Plants of Haryana (India) ... (accessed: August 05, 2026)
~~~~~ HINDI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (हिन्दी) ... spoken in: Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand
गरने garnae, जंगली करौंदा jungli karonda
करोंदी karondi
~~~~~ KANNADA ~~~~~
written in: Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ) ... spoken in: Karnataka
ಚಿಕ್ಕಕವಳಿ chikka kavali, ಕರಿಚಿ karichi, ನಾಯಿಕಲಮೆ naayikalame
~~~~~ KOL ~~~~~
written in: Warang Chiti (or Barang Kshiti, Varang Kshiti), Devanagari ... spoken in: Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal ... spoken by: Kol people
कनुवान 𑢪𑢫𑢵𑢾𑢫 kanuwan
~~~~~ KONKANI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (कोंकणी) / Kannada (ಕೊಂಕಣಿ) / Malayalam (കൊങ്കണി) / Perso-Arabic (کونکنی) / Romi (Konknni) ... spoken in: Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala, Gujarat
व्हडली काण्टां vhadli kantam
  • for Carissa inermis Vahl ... V D Vartak (1966) - Enumeration of plants from Gomantak India with a note on botanical excursions to the Castlerock area :: Chapter 5 :: Shodhganga :: a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET
~~~~~ KUMAONI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari ... spoken in: Uttarakhand
करौंदा karaunda, करूंदा karunda
~~~~~ KURUKH ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (कुँड़ुख़), Assamese-Bangla (কুড়ুখ্), Odia (କୁଡ଼ୁଖ୍), Kurukh Banna and Tolong Siki ... spoken by the Kurukh (Oraon) and Kisan people ... spoken in: Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, Assam, Bihar and Tripura ... other names for this language: Kurux, Oraon, Uraon, Uranw
कनुवान কনূবান କନୁୱାନ kanuwan
  • A forest flora of Chota Nagpur including Gangpur and the Santal-Parganahs by Haines, Henry Haselfoot, 1867-1943
  • कनुवान kanuwan (Devanagari in Jharkhand); কনূবান kanuwan (Bengali script in West Bengal); କନୁୱାନ kanuwan (Odia script in Odisha)
  • Note on Indigenous Typography: While modern cultural revival movements utilize the specialized Tolong Siki alphabet for the Kurukh language, the entry here is anchored via Devanagari, Bengali, and Odia scripts to mirror the historical geographic distribution of the Oraon communities across Jharkhand, West Bengal, and Odisha. This ensures digital cross-compatibility across all web-browsing frameworks while avoiding modern font-mapping artifacts. ... compiled from the web.
~~~~~ MALAYALAM ~~~~~
written in: Malayalam (മലയാളം) ... spoken in: Kerala, Lakshadweep
ചെറുമുൾച്ചെടി cherumulchedi
ചെറുമുള്ളി cherumulli
മുള്ളി mulli
~~~~~ MARATHI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (मराठी) ... spoken in: Maharashtra, Karnataka
करवंद karvanda
~~~~~ NEPALI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (नेपाली) ... spoken in: Nepal, West Bengal, Assam, Sikkim, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Jammu & Kashmir
जङ्गली करौँदा jangalee karaundaa
  • Many thanks to Saroj Kumar Kasaju for help with this name ... eFloraofIndia
~~~~~ ODIA ~~~~~
written in: Odia (ଓଡ଼ିଆ) ... spoken in: Odisha, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
ଆଙ୍କୁକୋଳି ankukoli, ସାନ କରେଣ୍ଡା san karenda
ଦୁଧକୋଳି dudhakoli
ଖିରିକୋଳି khirikoli
~~~~~ PAHARI (or PAHADI) ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (पहाड़ी), Perso-Arabic (پہاڑی) ... variety of languages, dialects and language groups, spoken in Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand
गरौंदा garaunda, गरणा garna, गुरणू gurnu, करौंदा karaunda
  • Green Audit Report — Swami Vivekanand Government College, Ghumarwin, District Bilaspur (H.P.) ... (accessed: August 05, 2026)
~~~~~ PUNJABI ~~~~~
written in: Gurmukhi (ਪੰਜਾਬੀ) ... spoken in: Punjab
ਗਣ gan, ਮਰਦਕ mardak
~~~~~ RAJASTHANI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (राजस्थानी) ... spoken in: Rajasthan
करोन्दा karonda (or करौंदा karaunda)
~~~~~ SANSKRIT ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (संस्कृतम्) ... used all over India by priests and scholars
करमर्दिका karamardika
~~~~~ SANTALI ~~~~~
written in: Ol Chiki (ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ), Bengali (সাঁওতালী), Odia (ସାନ୍ତାଳୀ), Devanagari (सान्ताली), Roman ... spoken in: Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha
ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱩᱢ janum, ᱠᱟᱸᱲᱣᱟᱠ karwak
~~~~~ TAMIL ~~~~~
written in: Tamil (தமிழ்) ... spoken in: Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
சிறுகளா chirukala (or சிறுகிளா chirukila)
~~~~~ TELUGU ~~~~~
written in: Telugu ( తెలుగు) ... spoken in: Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Puducherry
చిన్న కలివి channa kalavi, కలే కాయ kale kaaya, కలిమి kalimi, వాకిర్లు wakirlu
వాకకాయ vaaka-kaaya
~~~~~ TULU ~~~~~
written in: Tigalari (Tulu) was used for writing Vedic texts in Sanskrit, Kannada (ತುಳು), Malayalam (തുളു) ... spoken in: Karnataka, north Kerala
ಕರಂಡೆ karande (or ಕರಂಡೆ ಕಾಯಿ karande kaayi)
~~~~~ KNOWN DISTRIBUTION in INDIA ~~~~~
Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal
TAXONOMIC NOTE ON VERNACULAR OVERLAP
In 1850, Robert Wight published Carissa congesta to describe the wild, small-fruited, black-berried shrub abundant across the Western Ghats (the true Karvanda). However, colonial botanists struggled to separate it from Carissa carandas, leading to a long-standing taxonomic entanglement in Indian botanical literature. Authors historically merged the two plants by either treating C. congesta as a direct synonym under C. carandas, or reducing it to a variety known as Carissa carandas var. congesta.
Today, modern databases like POWO have officially untangled this relationship. They have split the earlier synonymy and placed Carissa congesta under Carissa spinarum. Because C. congesta journeyed from an independent species to a synonym of C. carandas, and finally to its current placement under C. spinarum, local names like Karavanda and Karaunda continue to be used interchangeably between carandas and spinarum in regional literature.
~~~~~ Created on: 12:06 04-08-2026 ¦ Last updated: 16:48 06-08-2026 (DD-MM-YYYY) ~~~~~
Apocynaceae tropical perennial evergreen shrub climber straggler "Carissa spinarum" "Carissa carandas var. congesta" "Carissa congesta" "Carissa diffusa" "Carissa inermis" "Carissa opaca" "wild karanda"
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Carissa spinarum L.

kar-ISS-uh -- Latinized form of Indian vernacular name for this genus ... Dave's Botanary spi-NAH-rum -- Latin: spina (thorn, sp...

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