Euphorbia neriifolia L.

yoo-FOR-bee-uh -- named for Euphorbus, Greek physician to Juba II ... Dave's Botanary
ner-ee-eye-FOH-lee-uh -- oleander-leaved (also spelled nerifolia) ... Dave's Botanary

commonly known as: five-tubercled spurge, hedge euphorbia, holy milk hedge, Indian spurge tree, milk spurge, oleander spurge • Assamese: হিজু hiju • Bengali: দুধস্বর dudhasbara, গোয়ালিকাঁটা goyalikamta, কাঁটামনসা kantamanasa, মনসাসিজ manasasija • Gujarati: સ્નુહીsnuhi, થુવેરચોધારો thuverachodharo • Hindi: सेहुण्ड sehund, सीज sij, थूहर thuhar • Kannada: ಎಲೆಗಳ್ಳಿ elegalli, ಗೂಟಗಳ್ಳಿ gootagalli, ಮಾಲೆಕಳ್ಳಿ malekalli • Karbi: hiju-arong • Khasi: sar-a • Malayalam: ഇലക്കള്ളി ilakkalli • Manipuri: তেঙনৌ tengnou • Marathi: मिंगुट mingut, पालेहुरा palehura, वई निवडुंग vayi nivadunga • Nepali: सिजा sijaa, सुडी sudee • Odia: ଗୁଡ଼ା gurda, ରାବଣା ହସ୍ତା rabana hasta, ସମସ୍ତ ଦୁଗ୍ଧା samasta dugdha, ସିଂହ ତୁଣ୍ଡ simha tunda • Sanskrit: सेहुण्ड sehunda, स्नुही snuhi • Tamil: இலைக்கள்ளி ilai-k-kalli, நாத்தாங்கி na-t-tanki • Telugu: ఆకుజెముడు aku-jemudu • Tibetan: སྣུ་ཧ snu ha • Urdu: سيہنڐ sehund, سيج sij, تهوهر thuhar


botanical names: Euphorbia neriifolia L. ... homotypic synonyms: Elaeophorbia neriifolia (L.) A.Chev. ... heterotypic synonyms: Euphorbia edulis Lour. • Euphorbia ligularia Roxb. ex Buch.-Ham. • Euphorbia pentagona Noronha • Euphorbia pentagona Blanco • Tithymalus edulis (Lour.) H.Karst. ... POWO

Bibliography / etymology

~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~

five-tubercled spurge

• Tamil lexicon [Madras], University of Madras

hedge euphorbia, Indian spurge tree

• Dave's Garden
• Mallick J K. 2020. An annotated checklist of Dicotyledonus Angiosperms in Darjeeling Himalayas and foothills, West Bengal, India. J New Biol Rep 9(2): 94- 208.

holy milk hedge

• Alar - an authoritative Kannada-English dictionary corpus created by V. Krishna

milk spurge

• Ananya Mishra, Sagarika Parida - Latex of plants: Wonders of nature for its therapeutic potentials and a valuable resource towards new drug development - IJBS Volume 5; Issue 6; 2020; Page No. 334-338

oleander spurge

• Dave's Garden
• Mallick J K. 2020. An annotated checklist of Dicotyledonus Angiosperms in Darjeeling Himalayas and foothills, West Bengal, India. J New Biol Rep 9(2): 94- 208.
• or oleander-leaved spurge ... Tamil lexicon [Madras], University of Madras | A Telugu-English dictionary by Charles Philip Brown

~~~~~ ASSAMESE ~~~~~

হিজু hiju

• Flora of Assam Vol IV by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das

~~~~~ BENGALI ~~~~~

দুধস্বর dudhasbara, মনসাসিজ manasasija

• facebook

গোয়ালিকাঁটা goyalikamta, কাঁটামনসা kantamanasa

• Flora - Mehedi Voice

~~~~~ GUJARATI ~~~~~

સ્નુહીsnuhi, થુવેરચોધારો thuverachodharo

• વનસ્પતીઓ ના ગુજરાતી તથા બોટનીકલ નામ ની યાદી (વૈધ કે.જે.ઝાલા)

~~~~~ HINDI ~~~~~

सेहुण्ड sehund, सीज sij, थूहर thuhar

• A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English by John T. Platts

~~~~~ KANNADA ~~~~~

ಎಲೆಗಳ್ಳಿ elegalli

• ENVIS - FRLHT ... or ಎಲೆಕಳ್ಳಿ elekalli
• Alar - an authoritative Kannada-English dictionary corpus created by V. Krishna ... or ಎಲೆಕಳ್ಳಿ elekalli
• named so, due to its cactus-like habit and prominent leaves ... Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka - Shodhganga

ಗೂಟಗಳ್ಳಿ gootagalli

• ENVIS - FRLHT
• Alar - an authoritative Kannada-English dictionary corpus created by V. Krishna

ಮಾಲೆಕಳ್ಳಿ malekalli

• Many thanks to Gurumurthi Hegde for help with this name ... efloraofindia

~~~~~ KARBI (also known as Mikir or Arleng) ~~~~~

hiju-arong

• Flora of Assam Vol IV by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das

~~~~~ KHASI ~~~~~

sar-a

• Flora of Assam Vol IV by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das

~~~~~ MALAYALAM ~~~~~

ഇലക്കള്ളി ilakkalli

• Wikipedia
• ENVIS - FRLHT
• named so, due to its cactus-like habit and prominent leaves ... Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka - Shodhganga

~~~~~ MANIPURI ~~~~~

তেঙনৌ tengnou

• Medicinal plants and its therapeutic uses edited by Birla Kshetrimayum

~~~~~ MARATHI ~~~~~

मिंगुट mingut

• ENVIS - FRLHT
• मराठी विश्वकोश ... or मिंगत mingat

पालेहुरा palehura

• A dictionary, Marathi and English by Molesworth, J. T. (James Thomas)

वई निवडुंग vayi nivadunga

• ENVIS - FRLHT
• मराठी विश्वकोश
• The Gazetteer Department ... महाराष्ट्रातील वनस्पतीशास्त्र आणि वनसंपदा

~~~~~ NEPALI ~~~~~

सिजा sijaa, सुडी sudee

• Many thanks to Saroj Kumar Kasaju for help with this name ... efloraofindia

~~~~~ ODIA ~~~~~

ଗୁଡ଼ା gurda, ରାବଣା ହସ୍ତା rabana hasta, ସମସ୍ତ ଦୁଗ୍ଧା samasta dugdha, ସିଂହ ତୁଣ୍ଡ simha tunda

• Purnnachandra Ordia Bhashakosha by Praharaj, G.C.

~~~~~ SANSKRIT ~~~~~

सेहुण्ड sehunda, स्नुही snuhi

• ENVIS - FRLHT

~~~~~ TAMIL ~~~~~

இலைக்கள்ளி ilai-k-kalli, நாத்தாங்கி na-t-tanki

• ENVIS - FRLHT
• Tamil lexicon [Madras], University of Madras

~~~~~ TELUGU ~~~~~

ఆకుజెముడు aku-jemudu

• ENVIS - FRLHT
• A Telugu-English dictionary by Charles Philip Brown
• Flora Andhrika - Plant Wealth of Andhra Pradesh, India

~~~~~ TIBETAN ~~~~~

སྣུ་ཧ snu ha

• ENVIS - FRLHT
• A Glossary of Tibetan Medicinal Plants ... སྣ་ཧ sna ha or སྣུ་ཧ snu ha

~~~~~ URDU ~~~~~

سيہنڐ sehund, سيج sij, تهوهر thuhar

• A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English by John T. Platts

~~~~~ x ~~~~~

Euphorbia concanensis Janarth. & S.R.Yadav

yoo-FOR-bee-uh -- named for Euphorbus, Greek physician to Juba II, King of Mauretania ... Dave's Botanary
kon-kuh-NEN-sis or kohn-kun-NEN-sis -- of or from Konkan (coast of Maharashtra, India) ... compiled from the web

commonly known as: Konkan spurge • Konkani: कोकण दुधी kokan dudhi • Marathi: कोकण दुधी kokan dudhi

known for: whole plant, the milky sap (highly toxic and a severe irritant), leaves and seeds

botanical names: Euphorbia concanensis Janarth. & S.R.Yadav ... homotypic synonyms: Chamaesyce concanensis (Janarth. & S.R.Yadav) S.R.Dutta & M.R.Almeida ... POWO, retrieved 22 Oct 2022

Bibliography / etymology / notes

Links listed as references in the notes below, may not remain valid permanently. Portals / websites have a tendency to re-organize / revise their content, leading to change in URLs of pages in their site. Some sites may even close down at their own will. The bits about the languages of India mentioned below are merely some bare facts gathered from the internet; just enough to satisfy curiosity about "where" could the listed names be best prevalent in India. All English transliterated names to be taken sensu amplo.

~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~

written and spoken widely, in most parts of India

Konkan spurge

• for want of name, name coined by Flowers of India ... (accessed: Oct 22, 2022)

~~~~~ KONKANI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (कोंकणी) / Kannada (ಕೊಂಕಣಿ) / Malayalam (കൊങ്കണി) / Perso-Arabic (کونکنی) / Romi (Konknni) ... spoken in: Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala, Gujarat

कोकण दुधी kokan dudhi

• Because this specific herb is rare, micro-endemic, and lacks a pre-existing distinct historical name in the Konkani lexicon, sharing the coined Marathi name "Kokan Dudhi".

~~~~~ MARATHI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (मराठी) ... spoken in: Maharashtra, Karnataka

कोकण दुधी kokan dudhi

• name coined, for want of name, by Shrikant Ingalhalikar, the author of Further Flowers of Sahyadri, the second among the three field guides to identify plants of northern Western Ghats of India, based on flowers
• कोकण kokan refers to OR of the Konkan (coastal region of Maharastra, India); this plant is endemic to Konkan region; दुधी dudhi is a generic name given to plants whose sap is milky

~~~~~ KNOWN DISTRIBUTION in INDIA ~~~~~

Goa, Maharashtra; micro-endemic

• Hassler, Michael (1994 - 2026): World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. Version 26.05; last update May 20th, 2026. Last accessed 02/07/2026 (dd/mm/yyyy).

~~~~~ Created on: 18:52 22-10-2022 ¦ Last updated: 14:21 02-07-2026 (DD-MM-YYYY) ~~~~~

Euphorbiaceae "micro-endemic" annual herb "Euphorbia concanensis" "Chamaesyce concanensis" "Konkan spurge"

Euphorbia tirucalli L.

yoo-FOR-bee-uh -- named for Euphorbus, Greek physician to Juba II ... Dave's Botanary
tee-roo-KAL-ee -- from the Malayalam name of this plant - tirukkalli (Malayalam: തിരുക്കള്ളി) ... Dave's Botanary

commonly known as: Indian tree spurge, milk bush, milk hedge, naked lady, pencil tree, pencil cactus, tirucalli rubber • Assamese: সপ্তলা গছ saptala gacha • Arabic: صبار أم اللبن sabaar 'ami allaban • Dogri: पेंसिल दुदली pencil dudali • Gujarati: ડાંડલીઑ થોર dandalio thor, ખરસાણી થોર kharsani thor, પરદેશી થોર pardeshi thor • Hindi: भद्रचूड़ bhadrachur, लङ्कास्थायी lankasthayi, थोहर thoar, सेहुण्ड sehund • Kachchhi: ડાંડલીઑ થોર dandalio thor, ખરસાની થૂર kharsani thur, થોર thor • Kannada: ಕಳ್ಳಿ ಮರ kalli mara, ಕೋಡುಕಳ್ಳಿ kodukalli, ಮೊಂಡುಗಳ್ಳಿ mondugalli, ಮುಂಡುಕಳ್ಳಿ mundukalli • Konkani: पोर्तुगाली निवल portugali nival • Malayalam: തിരുക്കള്ളി tirukkalli • Marathi: चिकाडा chikada, हुरा hura, काडा kada, काडेहुरा kadehura, निवली nivali, नौली nauli, शेर sher • Odia: ଗୁଡ଼ା gurda, କ୍ଷିରସିଝୁ kshirasijhu, ଲଙ୍କା ସିଝୁ lanka sijhu, ରାଜ ବୃକ୍ଷ raja bruksha, ତ୍ରିକଣ୍ଟ trikanta • Punjabi: ਸ਼ੀਰ ਥੋਹਰ shir thohar • Sanskrit: अमर amar, बहुक्षीरा bahushira, भद्रचूड bhadrachuda, लङ्कास्थायिन् lankasthayin, स्नुक् snuk • Tamil: பால் மரம் pal maram, திருகுகள்ளி tiruku-kalli • Telugu: జెముడు కాడలు jemudu kadalu, కాడ జెముడు kadujemudu, కల్లి kalli, కంచి జెముడు kanchi jemudu, కుందిగి kundigi, మంచి జెముడు manchi jamudu, పుల్లల జెముడు pullala jemudu, పుల్ల జీడి కాడ pulla jeedi kada, పుల్ల కాడ pulla kada, సన్న జెముడు sanna jemudu • Tulu: ಕೋಲುಕಳ್ಳಿ kolukalli • Urdu: بهدر چوڙ bhadrachur, لنکا ستهايي lankasthayi, سيہنڐ sehund


botanical names: Euphorbia tirucalli L. ... homotypic synonyms: Arthrothamnus tirucalli (L.) Klotzsch & Garcke • Tirucalia indica Raf. • Tirucalia tirucalli (L.) P.V.Heath ... and a list of heterotypic synonyms ... POWO

Bibliography / etymology

~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~

Indian tree spurge, naked lady, pencil tree, pencil cactus, fire stick, milk bush

• Wikipedia

milk hedge

• PLANTS OF CUTCH AND THEIR UTILITY by THAKAR, JAIKRISHNA INDRAJI, 1926
• Catalogue of Plants in the Botanical Garden, Bangalore, and its vicinity by Cameron, John, F. L. S

tirucalli rubber

• ENVIS - FRLHT

~~~~~ ASSAMESE ~~~~~

সপ্তলা গছ saptala gacha

• Many thanks to Brahmananda Patiri for help with this name ... facebook

~~~~~ ARABIC ~~~~~

صبار أم اللبن sabaar 'ami allaban

• Wikipedia

~~~~~ DOGRI ~~~~~

पेंसिल दुदली pencil dudali

• Many thanks to OM Prakash Vidyarthi for help with this name ... facebook

~~~~~ GUJARATI ~~~~~

ડાંડલીઑ થોર dandalio thor

• વનસ્પતીઓ ના ગુજરાતી તથા બોટનીકલ નામ ની યાદી (વૈધ કે.જે.ઝાલા)
• PLANTS OF CUTCH AND THEIR UTILITY by THAKAR, JAIKRISHNA INDRAJI, 1926
• FLORA OF BARDA MOUNTAIN (KATHIAWAD) by THAKAR, JAIKRISHNA INDRAJI, 1910
• also written as ડાંડલિયો થોર dandaliyo thor ... Gujarati Lexicon

ખરસાણી થોર kharsani thor

• વનસ્પતીઓ ના ગુજરાતી તથા બોટનીકલ નામ ની યાદી (વૈધ કે.જે.ઝાલા)
• PLANTS OF CUTCH AND THEIR UTILITY by THAKAR, JAIKRISHNA INDRAJI, 1926

પરદેશી થોર pardeshi thor

• FLORA OF BARDA MOUNTAIN (KATHIAWAD) by THAKAR, JAIKRISHNA INDRAJI, 1910

~~~~~ HINDI ~~~~~

भद्रचूड़ bhadrachur, लङ्कास्थायी lankasthayi (or लंकास्थायी lankasthayi), सेहुण्ड sehund (or सीहुण्ड sihund)

• A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English by John T. Platts

थोहर thoar

• PLANTS OF CUTCH AND THEIR UTILITY by THAKAR, JAIKRISHNA INDRAJI, 1926
• FLORA OF BARDA MOUNTAIN (KATHIAWAD) by THAKAR, JAIKRISHNA INDRAJI, 1910
• also थूहर thuhar ... A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English by John T. Platts

~~~~~ KACHCHHI ~~~~~

ડાંડલીઑ થોર dandalio thor, ખરસાની થૂર kharsani thur, થોર thor (or થૂર)

• PLANTS OF CUTCH AND THEIR UTILITY by THAKAR, JAIKRISHNA INDRAJI, 1926

~~~~~ KANNADA ~~~~~

ಕಳ್ಳಿ ಮರ kalli mara

• Catalogue of Plants in the Botanical Garden, Bangalore, and its vicinity by Cameron, John, F. L. S
• or ಕಳ್ಳಿ ಗಿಡ kalli gida ... Five Hundred Indian Plants by Basel Mission, Mangalore

ಕೋಡುಕಳ್ಳಿ kodukalli

• Five Hundred Indian Plants by Basel Mission, Mangalore
• or ಕೋಲುಕಳ್ಳಿ kolukalli ... Mandayam Digital Library - Latin and Kannada names of indigenous and medicinal plants of Mysore by S G Narsimhachar

ಮೊಂಡುಗಳ್ಳಿ mondugalli, ಮುಂಡುಕಳ್ಳಿ mundukalli

• Five Hundred Indian Plants by Basel Mission, Mangalore

~~~~~ KONKANI ~~~~~

पोर्तुगाली निवल portugali nival

• Enumeration of plants from Gomantak India with a note on botanical excursions to the Castlerock area by V D Vartak

~~~~~ MALAYALAM ~~~~~

തിരുക്കള്ളി tirukkalli

• Wikipedia
• for the milk-hedge plant ... A Malayalam and English dictionary by Hermann Gundert
• the specific epithet tirucalli is derived from this Malayalam name of the plant

~~~~~ MARATHI ~~~~~

चिकाडा chikada, काडा kada, काडेहुरा kadehura (or काड्याहुरा kadyahura), निवली nivali, नौली nauli, शेर sher

• A dictionary, Marathi and English by Molesworth, J. T. (James Thomas)

~~~~~ ODIA ~~~~~

ଗୁଡ଼ା gurda, କ୍ଷିରସିଝୁ kshirasijhu, ଲଙ୍କା ସିଝୁ lanka sijhu, ରାଜ ବୃକ୍ଷ raja bruksha, ତ୍ରିକଣ୍ଟ trikanta

• Purnnachandra Ordia Bhashakosha by Praharaj, G.C.

~~~~~ PUNJABI ~~~~~

ਸ਼ੀਰ ਥੋਹਰ shir thohar

• The Panjabi dictionary. Bhai Maya Singh

~~~~~ SANSKRIT ~~~~~

अमर amar, भद्रचूड bhadrachuda, लङ्कास्थायिन् lankasthayin

• Learn Sanskrit

स्नुक् snuk, बहुक्षीरा bahushira

• ENVIS - FRLHT

~~~~~ TAMIL ~~~~~

பால் மரம் pal maram

• Tamil names of Botanical names by Yercaud Ilango
• பால் மரம் pal maram = milk tree ... with help of Google Translate

திருகுகள்ளி tiruku-kalli

• Tamil lexicon [Madras], University of Madras ... also திருக்கள்ளி tiru-k-kalli

~~~~~ TELUGU ~~~~~

జెముడు కాడలు jemudu kadalu, కాడ జెముడు kadujemudu, కల్లి kalli, కంచి జెముడు kanchi jemudu, కుందిగి kundigi, మంచి జెముడు manchi jamudu, పుల్లల జెముడు pullala jemudu, పుల్ల జీడి కాడ pulla jeedi kada, పుల్ల కాడ pulla kada, సన్న జెముడు sanna jemudu

• ENVIS - FRLHT
• Flora Andhrika - Plant Wealth of Andhra Pradesh, India

~~~~~ TULU ~~~~~

ಕೋಲುಕಳ್ಳಿ kolukalli

• Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka - Shodhganga

~~~~~ URDU ~~~~~

بهدر چوڙ bhadrachur, لنکا ستهايي lankasthayi, سيہنڐ sehund

• A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English by John T. Platts

~~~~~ x ~~~~~