Spermacoce latifolia Aubl.

sperm-a-KOH-see -- seed point, referring to the capsule being surrounded by calyx points ... Dave's Botanary
lat-ee-FOH-lee-uh or lat-ih-FOH-lee-uh -- wide leaves ... Dave's Botanary

commonly known as: broad-leaf buttonweed, oval-leaf false-buttonweed • Adi: eeing, tagin mikki • Bengali: শপিঁপড়া shapinpara • Kannada: ದಾರೆಕಡ್ಡಿ daarekaddi, ಮದನಗಂಟಿ madanaganti • Malayalam: തറുതാവൽ tharuthaaval, കുടൽചുരുക്കി kudalchurukki • Nepali: आलु झार aalu jhaar, आलु पाते aalu paate, पौंधी paundhi • Sanskrit: मदनघण्टा madanaghanta • Tulu: ದಾರೆಕಡ್ಡಿ daarekaddi


botanical names: Spermacoce latifolia Aubl. ... homotypic synonyms: Borreria latifolia (Aubl.) K.Schum. ... heterotypic synonyms: Spermacoce aspera Aubl. ... and more listed at POWO, retrieved 13 September 2024

NOTE: belongs in Diodia ... Diodia latifolia (Aubl.) comb.ined. ... or in a separate genus close to Diodia according to phylogeny. Frequently included in Spermacoce alata Aubl. or Spermacoce aspera Aubl. ... Hassler, Michael (1994 - 2024): World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. Version 24.8; last update August 27th, 2024. Last accessed 13/09/2024 (dd/mm/yyyy).

Bibliography / etymology

Links listed as references in the notes below, may not remain valid permanently. Portals / websites have a tendency to re-organize / revise their content, leading to change in URLs of pages in their site. Some sites may even close down at their own will. The bits about the languages of India mentioned below are merely some bare facts gathered from the internet; just enough to satisfy curiosity about "where" could the listed names be best prevalent in India. All English transliterated names to be taken sensu amplo.

~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~

written and spoken widely, in most parts of India

broad-leaf buttonweed

• Flowers of India, retrieved September 13, 2024

oval-leaf false-buttonweed

• PIER species info

~~~~~ ADI ~~~~~

written in: Latin ... spoken in: Arunachal Pradesh

eeing, tagin mikki

• Ethnobotanyofnortheastindia (2020 onwards). Database of names of useful plants of north-east India - developed by the members of ethnobotanyofnortheastindia Google-site ... Accessed on 14 September 2024

~~~~~ BENGALI ~~~~~

written in: Bengali (বাংলা) ... spoken in: West Bengal, Assam, Jharkhand, Tripura, Andaman & Nicobar Islands

শপিঁপড়া shapinpara

• name prevalent in Tripura ... for Spermacoce alata Aubl. ... Flora - Mehedi Voice

~~~~~ KANNADA ~~~~~

written in: Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ) ... spoken in: Karnataka

ದಾರೆಕಡ್ಡಿ daarekaddi

• Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka - Shodhganga ... ದಾರೆಕಡ್ಡಿ daarekaddi = channeled stick ... named so, for the plant's angled or channeled stem

ಮದನಗಂಟಿ madanaganti

• Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka - Shodhganga

~~~~~ MALAYALAM ~~~~~

written in: Malayalam (മലയാളം) ... spoken in: Kerala, Lakshadweep

തറുതാവൽ tharuthaaval, കുടൽചുരുക്കി kudalchurukki

• Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka - Shodhganga

~~~~~ NEPALI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (नेपाली) ... spoken in: Nepal, West Bengal, Assam, Sikkim

आलु झार aalu jhaar, आलु पाते aalu paate

• Many thanks to Saroj Kumar Kasaju for help with these names ... facebook

पौंधी paundhi

• Many thanks to Saroj Kumar Kasaju for help with this name ... facebook
• for Spermacoce alata Aubl. ... Mallick J K. 2020. An annotated checklist of Dicotyledonus Angiosperms in Darjeeling Himalayas and foothills, West Bengal, India. J New Biol Rep 9(2): 94- 208.

~~~~~ ODIA ~~~~~

written in: Odia (ଓଡ଼ିଆ) ... spoken in: Odisha, Andaman & Nicobar Islands

bhuin kamla

• for Spermacoce alata Aubl. ... Kumar, Sanjeet & Mishra, Sweta & Mishra, Arun & Kumar N, Sanath. (2023). Floral diversity of Koira and Barsuan Ranges, Bonai Forest Division, Odisha
• the name needs to be rendered in native script

paundhee

• Chauhan, Monali & Dimri, Rakhee & Kumar, Sanjeet & Pradhan, Ilarani. (2021). Common medicinal plants of Dhenkanal (Odisha), India.
• the name needs to be rendered in native script

~~~~~ SANSKRIT ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (संस्कृतम्) ... used all over India by priests and scholars

मदनघण्टा madanaghanta

• Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka - Shodhganga

~~~~~ TULU ~~~~~

written in: Tigalari (Tulu) was used for writing Vedic texts in Sanskrit, Kannada (ತುಳು), Malayalam (തുളു) ... spoken in: Karnataka, north Kerala

ದಾರೆಕಡ್ಡಿ daarekaddi

• Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka - Shodhganga ... ದಾರೆಕಡ್ಡಿ daarekaddi = channeled stick ... named so, for the plant's angled or channeled stem

~~~~~ DISTRIBUTION in INDIA ~~~~~

introduced; naturalized

• Sivarajan, Vivek, Rakesh Vasudevan Nair and T U Ahmed Kunju. Genus Spermacoce Linn. (Rubiaceae) in India. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Plant Sci.), Vol. 97, No. 4, August 1987, pp. 347-358.
• Hassler, Michael (1994 - 2024): World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. Version 24.8; last update August 27th, 2024. Last accessed 13/09/2024 (dd/mm/yyyy).

~~~~~ Created on: 19:57 13-09-2024 ¦ Last updated: 13:40 16-09-2024 ~~~~~

Rubiaceae annual perennial naturalised herb "Diodia latifolia" "Spermacoce latifolia" "Borreria latifolia" "Spermacoce alata" "Spermacoce aspera" "broad-leaf buttonweed"

Spatholobus parviflorus (Roxb. ex G.Don) Kuntze

¿ spath-oh-LOH-bus ? -- Greek: spatho (spathe, blade); lobus (lobe, pod); referring to blade-like pod
par-VEE-flor-us or par-vi-FLOR-us -- small flowers ... Dave's Botanary

commonly known as: bando lata, palas-climber • Assamese: গোবংলতা gobang-lata, হাতী বন্ধা লতা hati bandha lata, মাল লেও mal-leo, মৰু maru, মাৰি লেৱা mari-lewa, পান লতা pan lata, শাল লতা sal lata • Bengali: শালমামা salmama • Dogri: पलाह बेल palaah bel • Garo: mauri • Gujarati: પલાસવેલ palasvel • Hindi: चिहुत chihut, धोरणी dorni, धोरसैंन dhorsain, घुरसैंन ghursain, महाई mahai, मालिनी malini, मौला maula, नसबेल nasbel • Kachari: dumori, dumri doukha, salmama, tou-mudru • Kannada: ಬಳ್ಳಿ ಮುತ್ತುಗ balli mutthuga, ಕಾಡವರೆ ಹಂಬು kaadavare hambu, ಮುಕ್ಕಟೆ ಬಳ್ಳಿ mukkate balli • Karbi: chichipia-ringkhong • Khasi: jerrnei, ther-la-moh-dak • Kokborok: jong-obi • Konkani: पळशीण palashin • Kuki: jema-soi-sen • Malayalam: അടമ്പുവള്ളി adambuvalli, വള്ളിപ്ലാശ് valliplash • Marathi: पळशीण palashin, फलसण phalsan • Mech: सालमामा salmama • Mizo: ngoi-hrui • Nepali: देब्रे लहरा debre laharaa, साल लहरा saal laharaa • Odia: ବକ୍ର ପୁଷ୍ପ bakra pushpa, ପରାସୁ porasu • Punjabi: ਮੂਲਾ mula • Rajasthani: पलास बेल palas bel • Santali: ᱵᱟᱱᱰᱚ bando, ᱪᱤᱦᱨᱩᱛ ᱞᱟᱲ chihut lar • Tamil: பிளச்சி வள்ளி pilacci valli, யானைத்தடிப்பு yanai-t-tatippu • Telugu: బొడిగతీగ bodegateega • Tulu: ಮುಡಿಬಳ್ಳು mudiballu


botanical names: Spatholobus parviflorus (Roxb. ex G.Don) Kuntze ... homotypic synonyms: Butea parviflora Roxb. ex G.Don ... heterotypic synonyms: Butea sericophylla Wall. • Spatholobus roxburghii Benth. ... POWO, retrieved 09 September 2024

Bibliography / etymology

Links listed as references in the notes below, may not remain valid permanently. Portals / websites have a tendency to re-organize / revise their content, leading to change in URLs of pages in their site. Some sites may even close down at their own will. The bits about the languages of India mentioned below are merely some bare facts gathered from the internet; just enough to satisfy curiosity about "where" could the listed names be best prevalent in India. All English transliterated names to be taken sensu amplo.

~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~

written and spoken widely, in most parts of India

bando lata

• Flowers of India, retrieved September 09, 2024

palas-climber

• for Spatholobus roxburghii Benth. ... Tamil lexicon [Madras], University of Madras

~~~~~ ASSAMESE ~~~~~

written in: Assamese (অসমীয়া) ... spoken in: Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya

গোবংলতা gobang-lata, হাতী বন্ধা লতা hati bandha lata, মাল লেও mal-leo, মৰু maru, মাৰি লেৱা mari-lewa, পান লতা pan lata, শাল লতা sal lata

• Many thanks to Brahmananda Patiri and Ranjan Hazarika for their help with these names ... facebook
• for Spatholobus roxburghii Benth. ... Flora of Assam Vol II by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das

~~~~~ BENGALI ~~~~~

written in: Bengali (বাংলা) ... spoken in: West Bengal, Assam, Jharkhand, Tripura, Andaman & Nicobar Islands

শালমামা salmama

• Many thanks to Dr Tapas Chakrabarty for help with this name ... efloraofindia
• for Spatholobus roxburghii Benth. ... Flora of Assam Vol II by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das

~~~~~ DOGRI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (डोगरी) ... spoken in: Jammu & Kashmir ... spoken by the Dogras

पलाह बेल palaah bel

• Many thanks to OM Prakash Vidyarthi for help with this name ... facebook

~~~~~ GARO ~~~~~

written in: Roman, Bengali-Assamese, A-Chik Tok'birim ... spoken in: Meghalaya, Assam

mauri (or mari, maru)

• for Spatholobus roxburghii Benth. ... Flora of Assam Vol II by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das

~~~~~ GUJARATI ~~~~~

written in: Gujarati (ગુજરાતી) ... spoken in: Gujarat, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu

પલાસવેલ palasvel

• વનસ્પતીઓ ના ગુજરાતી તથા બોટનીકલ નામ ની યાદી (વૈધ કે.જે.ઝાલા)

~~~~~ HINDI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (हिन्दी) ... spoken in: Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand

चिहुत chihut, धोरणी dorni, धोरसैंन dhorsain, घुरसैंन ghursain, महाई mahai

• Floristic Diversity of Banka - बिहार वानिकी विकास निगम लिमिटेड (Bihar Forestry Development Corporation Limited)
• above names rendered in native script need validation
• these names could be in some other language(s) spoken in Bihar

मालिनी malini, मौला maula

• Singh, Vir., Gaur, R. D.. Rangeland Ecosystems in the Himalayan Mountains. India: Daya Publishing House, 2008.

नसबेल nasbel

• for Spatholobus roxburghii Benth. ... विकिपीडिया - एक मुक्त ज्ञानकोश - मध्य प्रदेश के पेड़-पौधे

~~~~~ KACHARI ~~~~~

written in: Bengali-Assamese, Devanagari, Latin ... spoken in: Assam, Nagaland ... other names for this language: Cachari, Plains Kachari (Boro or Bara) and Hill Kachari (Dimasa)

dumori, dumri doukha, salmama, tou-mudru

• for Spatholobus roxburghii Benth. ... Flora of Assam Vol II by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das

~~~~~ KANNADA ~~~~~

written in: Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ) ... spoken in: Karnataka

ಬಳ್ಳಿ ಮುತ್ತುಗ balli mutthuga

• Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka - Shodhganga ... ಬಳ್ಳಿ balli = creeper, climber; ಮುತ್ತುಗ mutthuga = name given to Butea frondosa Roxb. ex Willd. ... thus, climbing butea

ಕಾಡವರೆ ಹಂಬು kaadavare hambu

• बॆरकॆ अट्टिल् - changing the way in which Tuluvas consume their food

ಮುಕ್ಕಟೆ ಬಳ್ಳಿ mukkate balli

• Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka - Shodhganga
• for Spatholobus roxburghii Benth. ... ಪದಕಣಜ - ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ಸರ್ಕಾರದ ಅಧಿಕೃತ ಜಾಲತಾಣ ... Padakanaja - Official website of Government of Karnataka
• for Butea parviflora Roxb. ex G.Don ... The Useful Plants of India, Publications & Information Directorate, CSIR

~~~~~ KARBI ~~~~~

written in: Roman ... spoken in: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland ... other names for this language: Mikir or Arleng

chichipia-ringkhong

• for Spatholobus roxburghii Benth. ... Flora of Assam Vol II by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das

~~~~~ KHASI ~~~~~

written in: Latin (Khasi alphabet), Bengali-Assamese ... spoken in: Meghalaya, Assam

jerrnei, ther-la-moh-dak

• for Spatholobus roxburghii Benth. ... Flora of Assam Vol II by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das

~~~~~ KOKBOROK ~~~~~

written in: Koloma, Latin, Bengali–Assamese (ককবরক), Kokmari ... spoken in: Tripura ... other names for this language: Tripuri, Kokbarak, Tippera, Tipra, Trippera

jong-obi

• for Spatholobus roxburghii Benth. ... Flora of Assam Vol II by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das

~~~~~ KONKANI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (कोंकणी), Kannada (ಕೊಂಕಣಿ), Malayalam (കൊങ്കണി), Perso-Arabic (کونکنی), Romi (Konknni) ... spoken in: Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala, Gujarat

पळशीण palashin

• name borrowed from Marathi, for want of name
• Datar, Mandar & Lakshminarasimhan, P.. (2013). Check List of Wild Angiosperms of Bhagwan Mahavir (Molem) National Park, Goa, India. Check List. 9. 186-207. 10.15560/9.2.186.

~~~~~ KUKI ~~~~~

written in: Roman ... spoken in: Manipur, Assam, Nagaland ... other names for this language:Thado, Thado-Pao, Thado-Ubiphei, Thaadou Kuki

jema-soi-sen

• for Spatholobus roxburghii Benth. ... Flora of Assam Vol II by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das

~~~~~ MALAYALAM ~~~~~

written in: Malayalam (മലയാളം) ... spoken in: Kerala, Lakshadweep

അടമ്പുവള്ളി adambuvalli

• Many thanks to Sam Kuzhalanattu for help with the name ... efloraofindia ... variant: അതമ്പുവള്ളി athambuvalli
• or അതമ്പുവള്ളി athambuvalli ... for Butea parviflora Roxb. ex G.Don ... The Useful Plants of India, Publications & Information Directorate, CSIR

വള്ളിപ്ലാശ് valliplash

• Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka - Shodhganga ... വള്ളി valli = creeper, climber; പ്ലാശ് plash = name given to Butea frondosa Roxb. ex Willd. ... thus, climbing butea

~~~~~ MARATHI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (मराठी) ... spoken in: Maharashtra, Karnataka

पळशीण palashin

• name coined, for want of name, by Shrikant Ingalhalikar, the author of Additions to Flowers of Sahyadri by Shrikant Ingalhalikar, the third among the three field guides to identify plants of northern Western Ghats of India, based on flowers

फलसण phalsan

• for Butea parviflora Roxb. ex G.Don ... The Gazetteer Department ... महाराष्ट्रातील वनस्पतीशास्त्र आणि वनसंपदा
• for Butea parviflora Roxb. ex G.Don ... The Useful Plants of India, Publications & Information Directorate, CSIR

~~~~~ MECH ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari, Roman ... spoken by: Mech people (Bodos of north West Bengal)

सालमामा salmama

• for Spatholobus roxburghii Benth. ... Flora of Assam Vol II by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das

~~~~~ MIZO ~~~~~

written in: Latin, Bengali-Assamese ... spoken in: Mizoram ... other names for this language: Lushai, Duhlian

ngoi-hrui

• for Spatholobus roxburghii Benth. ... Flora of Assam Vol II by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das

~~~~~ NEPALI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (नेपाली) ... spoken in: Nepal, West Bengal, Assam, Sikkim

देब्रे लहरा debre laharaa

• Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal
• for Spatholobus roxburghii Benth. ... Flora of Assam Vol II by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das

साल लहरा saal laharaa

• Dangol, Dharma. (2005). Species Composition, Distribution, Life Forms and Folk Nomenclature of Forest and Common Land Plants of Western Chitwan, Nepal. Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science. 26. 93-105. 10.3126/jiaas.v26i0.662.

~~~~~ ODIA ~~~~~

written in: Odia (ଓଡ଼ିଆ) ... spoken in: Odisha, Andaman & Nicobar Islands

ବକ୍ର ପୁଷ୍ପ bakra pushpa

• Kumar, Sanjeet & Mishra, Sweta & Mishra, Arun & Kumar N, Sanath. (2023). Floral diversity of Koira and Barsuan Ranges, Bonai Forest Division, Odisha

ପରାସୁ porasu

• Das, Prabhat & Das, Mohini & Sahu, Chinmayee & Rath, Sakti & Kumar, Sanjeet. (2020). Diversity of Climbers of Odisha.
• for Butea parviflora Roxb. ex G.Don ... The Useful Plants of India, Publications & Information Directorate, CSIR

~~~~~ PUNJABI ~~~~~

written in: Gurmukhi (ਪੰਜਾਬੀ) ... spoken in: Punjab

ਮੂਲਾ mula

• for Butea parviflora Roxb. ex G.Don ... The Useful Plants of India, Publications & Information Directorate, CSIR

~~~~~ RAJASTHANI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (राजस्थानी) ... spoken in: Rajasthan

पलास बेल palas bel

• for Butea parviflora Roxb. ex G.Don ... Rajasthan Government - Forest Department

~~~~~ SANTALI ~~~~~

written in: Ol Chiki (ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ), Bengali (সাঁওতালী), Odia (ସାନ୍ତାଳୀ), Devanagari (सान्ताली), Roman ... spoken in: Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha

ᱵᱟᱱᱰᱚ bando, ᱪᱤᱦᱨᱩᱛ ᱞᱟᱲ chihut lar

• ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ - ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱲᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ

~~~~~ TAMIL ~~~~~

written in: Tamil (தமிழ்) ... spoken in: Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Andaman & Nicobar Islands

பிளச்சி வள்ளி pilacci valli

• for Butea parviflora Roxb. ex G.Don ... Tamil names of Botanical names by Yercaud Ilango
• for Butea parviflora Roxb. ex G.Don ... The Useful Plants of India, Publications & Information Directorate, CSIR

யானைத்தடிப்பு yanai-t-tatippu

• Tamil lexicon [Madras], University of Madras

~~~~~ TELUGU ~~~~~

written in: Telugu ( తెలుగు) ... spoken in: Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Puducherry

బొడిగతీగ bodegateega

• Flora Andhrika - Plant Wealth of Andhra Pradesh, India
• for Butea parviflora Roxb. ex G.Don ... The Useful Plants of India, Publications & Information Directorate, CSIR

~~~~~ TULU ~~~~~

written in: Tigalari (Tulu) was used for writing Vedic texts in Sanskrit, Kannada (ತುಳು), Malayalam (തുളു) ... spoken in: Karnataka, north Kerala

ಮುಡಿಬಳ್ಳು mudiballu

• Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka - Shodhganga ... ಮುಡಿ mudi = rice OR rice seeds, bundled in straw, of certain measure - about forty to sixty seers; ಬಳ್ಳು ballu = vine ... this vine is used for securing the bundle

~~~~~ DISTRIBUTION in INDIA ~~~~~

Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Pondicherry, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal

• ILDIS World Database of Legumes - Version 10.38 20 July 2010 [accessed: 11 September 2024]
• Hassler, Michael (1994 - 2024): World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. Version 24.8; last update August 27th, 2024. Last accessed 09/09/2024 (dd/mm/yyyy).

~~~~~ Created on: 19:06 09-09-2024 ¦ Last updated: 15:31 12-09-2024 ~~~~~

Fabaceae Papilionaceae perennial "climbing shrub" "Spatholobus parviflorus" "Butea parviflora" "Butea sericophylla" "Spatholobus roxburghii" "palas-climber"

Sonneratia apetala Banks

son-ner-AY-tee-uh -- named for French botanist Pierre Sonnerat ... Dave's Botanary
a-PET-al-uh -- without petals ... Dave's Botanary

commonly known as: sonneratia mangrove • Bengali: কেওড়া keora • Gujarati: કાંડેલ kandel, કિયોરા kiyora, મોટી તવર moti tavar • Marathi: चीपी chipi, तिवार tivar • Odia: କେରୁଆଁ keruan, କେଉଡ଼ା keura, ଖିରୁଆ khirua • Tamil: மரமா மரம் marama maram • Telugu: పెద్దకళింగ peddakalinga


botanical names: Sonneratia apetala Banks ... homotypic synonyms: Blatti apetala (Banks) Kuntze ... heterotypic synonyms: Kambala pendula Raf. ... POWO, retrieved 08 September 2024

Bibliography / etymology

Links listed as references in the notes below, may not remain valid permanently. Portals / websites have a tendency to re-organize / revise their content, leading to change in URLs of pages in their site. Some sites may even close down at their own will. The bits about the languages of India mentioned below are merely some bare facts gathered from the internet; just enough to satisfy curiosity about "where" could the listed names be best prevalent in India. All English transliterated names to be taken sensu amplo.

~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~

written and spoken widely, in most parts of India

sonneratia mangrove

• Flowers of India, retrieved September 08, 2024

~~~~~ BENGALI ~~~~~

written in: Bengali (বাংলা) ... spoken in: West Bengal, Assam, Jharkhand, Tripura, Andaman & Nicobar Islands

কেওড়া keora

• উইকিপিডিয়া - একটি মুক্ত বিশ্বকোষ ... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia

~~~~~ GUJARATI ~~~~~

written in: Gujarati (ગુજરાતી) ... spoken in: Gujarat, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu

મોટી તવર moti tavar

• Devi V & Pathak B (2016) Ecological studies of mangroves species in Gulf of Khambhat, Gujarat. Tropical Plant Research 3(3): 536–542

કાંડેલ kandel, કિયોરા kiyora

• ગુજરાતી વિશ્વકોશ - મૅન્ગ્રોવ - બળદેવભાઈ પટેલ

~~~~~ MARATHI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (मराठी) ... spoken in: Maharashtra, Karnataka

चीपी chipi

• Flowers of Sahyadri by Shrikant Ingalhalikar, the first among the three field guides to identify plants of northern Western Ghats of India, based on flowers

तिवार tivar

• मराठी विश्वकोश - महाराष्ट्र राज्य मराठी विश्वकोश निर्मिती मंडळ

~~~~~ ODIA ~~~~~

written in: Odia (ଓଡ଼ିଆ) ... spoken in: Odisha, Andaman & Nicobar Islands

କେରୁଆଁ keruan

• ଉଇକିପିଡ଼ିଆ - ଏକ ଖୋଲା ଜ୍ଞାନକୋଷ ... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia
• Prasanna Kumar NAYAK, Raj Kishore MOHANTA, Ananta Kumar SAHU, Kedar Kumar SWAIN - Mangroves of Mahanadi Delta in the state of Odisha and aspects of their conservation - International Journal of Conservation Science, Volume 7, Issue 4, October-December 2016: 1095-1104
• Pattanaik, Chiranjibi & Chintala, Sudhakar Reddy & Dhal, Nabin & Das, Rashmita. (2008). Utilisation of Mangrove forests in Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary, Orissa. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge. 7. 598-603.
• Kumar Arun Prasad, Lakshmanan Gnanappazham, Vaithilingam Selvam, Ramasamy Ramasubramanian & Chandra Sekar Kar (2015). Developing a spectral library of mangrove species of Indian east coast using field spectroscopy, Geocarto International, 30:5, 580-599. DOI: 10.1080/10106049.2014.985743

କେଉଡ଼ା keura

• Indian Mangroves - ENVIS Resource Partner (RP) on Biodiversity - Botanical Survey of India

ଖିରୁଆ khirua

• Purnnachandra Ordia Bhashakosha by Praharaj, G.C.

~~~~~ TAMIL ~~~~~

written in: Tamil (தமிழ்) ... spoken in: Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Andaman & Nicobar Islands

மரமா மரம் marama maram

• Tamil names of Botanical names by Yercaud Ilango
• Checklist of mangrove species of south-east India and Sri Lanka
• Indian Mangroves - ENVIS Resource Partner (RP) on Biodiversity - Botanical Survey of India

~~~~~ TELUGU ~~~~~

written in: Telugu ( తెలుగు) ... spoken in: Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Puducherry

పెద్దకళింగ peddakalinga

• Flora Andhrika - Plant Wealth of Andhra Pradesh, India
• or just కళింగ kalinga ... Checklist of mangrove species of south-east India and Sri Lanka

~~~~~ DISTRIBUTION in INDIA ~~~~~

Andaman islands, Andhra Pradesh, *Goa, Gujarat, *Karnataka, Maharastra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal

• Checklist of Gujarat Flora
• Karnataka Biodiversity Board, 2019. FLORA OF KARNATAKA, A Checklist, Volume – 2: Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. 1 - 1002 (Published by Karnataka Biodiversity Board)
• Checklist of mangrove species of south-east India and Sri Lanka
• Indian Mangroves - ENVIS Resource Partner (RP) on Biodiversity - Botanical Survey of India
• Hassler, Michael (1994 - 2024): World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. Version 24.8; last update August 27th, 2024. Last accessed 01/09/2024 (dd/mm/yyyy).

* distribution doubtful

~~~~~ Created on: 18:29 08-09-2024 ¦ Last updated: 14:45 09-09-2024 ~~~~~

Lythraceae Sonneratiaceae mangrove tree "Sonneratia apetala" "Blatti apetala" "Kambala apetala" "mangrove apple"

Sonneratia alba Sm.

The sweet-scented apple mangrove (pandhari chippi, Marathi: पांढरी चिप्पी) is the state mangrove tree of Maharashtra

son-ner-AY-tee-uh -- named for French botanist Pierre Sonnerat ... Dave's Botanary
AL-ba -- white ... Dave's Botanary

commonly known as: mangrove apple, sweet-scented apple mangrove • Bengali: সাদাচক কেওড়া sadachak keora • Gujarati: ઉરાવા urawa • Kannada: ಕರ್ಪು karpu • Konkani: पांढरी चीपी pandhari chipi • Malayalam: ചക്കരക്കണ്ടൽ chakkara-kantal, നക്ഷത്രക്കണ്ടൽ nakshathrakkandal • Marathi: कर्पु karpu, पांढरी चिप्पी pandhari chippi • Odia: ଓରୁଅ orua • Telugu: పెద్దకళింగ peddakalinga


botanical names: Sonneratia alba Sm. ... homotypic synonyms: Blatti alba (Sm.) Kuntze ... heterotypic synonyms listed at POWO, retrieved 07 September 2024

Bibliography / etymology

Links listed as references in the notes below, may not remain valid permanently. Portals / websites have a tendency to re-organize / revise their content, leading to change in URLs of pages in their site. Some sites may even close down at their own will. The bits about the languages of India mentioned below are merely some bare facts gathered from the internet; just enough to satisfy curiosity about "where" could the listed names be best prevalent in India. All English transliterated names to be taken sensu amplo.

~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~

written and spoken widely, in most parts of India

mangrove apple

• Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) - Accessed 07 September 2024

sweet-scented apple mangrove

• Flowers of India, retrieved September 07, 2024

~~~~~ BENGALI ~~~~~

written in: Bengali (বাংলা) ... spoken in: West Bengal, Assam, Jharkhand, Tripura, Andaman & Nicobar Islands

সাদাচক কেওড়া sadachak keora

• Many thanks to Bubai Bera for help with this name ... facebook
• Flora - Mehedi Voice

~~~~~ GUJARATI ~~~~~

written in: Gujarati (ગુજરાતી) ... spoken in: Gujarat, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu

ઉરાવા urawa

• ગુજરાતી વિશ્વકોશ - મૅન્ગ્રોવ - બળદેવભાઈ પટેલ

~~~~~ KANNADA ~~~~~

written in: Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ) ... spoken in: Karnataka

ಕರ್ಪು karpu

• Shetty, Ashwit & Shingadia, Hitesh. (2022). CHECKLIST AND CURRENT STATUS OF MANGROVE COMMUNITIES FOUND ALONG INDIAN SUBCONTINENT. 10.25215/9198783041.
• Kulkarnii CP, Manohar SM. A review of botany, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of the mangrove apple Sonneratia alba J. Sm. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2024;14(05):001–011.

~~~~~ KONKANI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (कोंकणी), Kannada (ಕೊಂಕಣಿ), Malayalam (കൊങ്കണി), Perso-Arabic (کونکنی), Romi (Konknni) ... spoken in: Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala, Gujarat

पांढरी चीपी pandhari chipi

• Glimpses of Biodiversity in Panaji - Goa State Biodiversity Board | Corporation of City of Panaji
• Kulkarnii CP, Manohar SM. A review of botany, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of the mangrove apple Sonneratia alba J. Sm. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2024;14(05):001–011.

~~~~~ MALAYALAM ~~~~~

written in: Malayalam (മലയാളം) ... spoken in: Kerala, Lakshadweep

ചക്കരക്കണ്ടൽ chakkara-kantal

• Kulkarnii CP, Manohar SM. A review of botany, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of the mangrove apple Sonneratia alba J. Sm. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2024;14(05):001–011.

നക്ഷത്രക്കണ്ടൽ nakshathrakkandal

• വിക്കിപീഡിയ - സ്വതന്ത്രസർവ്വവിജ്ഞാനകോശം ... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia
• Kulkarnii CP, Manohar SM. A review of botany, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of the mangrove apple Sonneratia alba J. Sm. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2024;14(05):001–011.

~~~~~ MARATHI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (मराठी) ... spoken in: Maharashtra, Karnataka

कर्पु karpu

• Further Flowers of Sahyadri by Shrikant Ingalhalikar, the second among the three field guides to identify plants of northern Western Ghats of India, based on flowers
• Kulkarnii CP, Manohar SM. A review of botany, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of the mangrove apple Sonneratia alba J. Sm. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2024;14(05):001–011.

पांढरी चिप्पी pandhari chippi

• निसर्गरंग - लहान मुलांसाठी व्यासपीठ

~~~~~ ODIA ~~~~~

written in: Odia (ଓଡ଼ିଆ) ... spoken in: Odisha, Andaman & Nicobar Islands

ଓରୁଅ orua

• Pattanaik, Chiranjibi & Chintala, Sudhakar Reddy & Dhal, Nabin & Das, Rashmita. (2008). Utilisation of Mangrove forests in Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary, Orissa. Indian journal of traditional knowledge. 7. 598-603.
• Shetty, Ashwit & Shingadia, Hitesh. (2022). CHECKLIST AND CURRENT STATUS OF MANGROVE COMMUNITIES FOUND ALONG INDIAN SUBCONTINENT. 10.25215/9198783041.
• Kulkarnii CP, Manohar SM. A review of botany, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of the mangrove apple Sonneratia alba J. Sm. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2024;14(05):001–011.

~~~~~ TELUGU ~~~~~

written in: Telugu ( తెలుగు) ... spoken in: Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Puducherry

పెద్దకళింగ peddakalinga

• Shetty, Ashwit & Shingadia, Hitesh. (2022). CHECKLIST AND CURRENT STATUS OF MANGROVE COMMUNITIES FOUND ALONG INDIAN SUBCONTINENT. 10.25215/9198783041.
• Kulkarnii CP, Manohar SM. A review of botany, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of the mangrove apple Sonneratia alba J. Sm. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2024;14(05):001–011.

~~~~~ DISTRIBUTION in INDIA ~~~~~

Andaman islands, Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharastra, Odisha, West Bengal

• Checklist of Gujarat Flora
• Kulkarnii CP, Manohar SM. A review of botany, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of the mangrove apple Sonneratia alba J. Sm. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2024;14(05):001–011.
• Karnataka Biodiversity Board, 2019. FLORA OF KARNATAKA, A Checklist, Volume – 2: Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. 1 - 1002 (Published by Karnataka Biodiversity Board)
• Hassler, Michael (1994 - 2024): World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. Version 24.8; last update August 27th, 2024. Last accessed 07/09/2024 (dd/mm/yyyy).

~~~~~ Created on: 13:37 07-09-2024 ¦ Last updated: 17:50 08-09-2024 ~~~~~

Lythraceae Sonneratiaceae "Sonneratia alba" "Blatti alba" "mangrove apple" "sweet-scented apple mangrove"

Solanum melongena L.

so-LAN-num -- solace, quietude; referring to the narcotic properties of some species ... Dave's Botanary
mel-ON-gen-uh -- corrupted Latin for mad apple ... Dave's Botanary

commonly known as: aubergine, brinjal, eggplant • Angami: pfhüdi • Apatani: bengna • Arabic: انب anab • Assamese: বাংঙনা bangna, বাৰ্ত্তাকু barttaku, বেঙেনা bengena, মাক্ খু mak khu • Bengali: বার্তাকু bartaku, বেগুন begun • Bhojpuri: भंटा bhanta, बैगन baigan • Bodo: फान्थाव phanthav • Deori: পাদুঁ padun • Dimasa: phanthao • Garo: baring • Gujarati: રીંગણ ringan, વંતાકડી vantakdi, વેંગણ vengan • Hindi: बैंगन baingan, बंग bang, भण्टा bhanta, भाटा bhata • Hmar: manta • Kannada: ಬದನೆ badane, ಕಾಚಿ kaachi • Karbi: hapek • Kashmiri: बुंतकी buntaki, वाँगुन् wangun OR وانٛگُن wangun • Khamti: bengena, makhw • Konkani: वैंगण vaingan, ವಾಯಿಂಗಣ vayingana • Malayalam: വഴുതിന vazhuthina • Manipuri: ꯈꯥꯃꯦꯟ khamen • Marathi: वांगी vangi • Mishing: bahyom • Mizo: bawk-bâwn • Nagamese: bengena, pengena • Nepali: बैगुन baigun, भण्टा bhantaa • Odia: ବାଇଗଣ baigana • Pali: वाटिङ्गण vatingana • Persian: بادنجان badanjan • Punjabi: ਬੈਂਗਣ baingan, ਬਤਾਊਂ bataun • Sanskrit: भण्टाकी bhantaki, हिण्डीर hindira, हिङ्गुदी hingudi, हिङ्गुली hinguli, कण्टपत्त्रिका kantapattrika, कटालु katalu, महाबृहति mahabrhati, मांसलफला mamsalaphala, मिश्रवर्णफला misravarnaphala, नटपत्त्रिका natapattrika, निद्रालु nidralu, नीलवृषा nilavrsa, नृपप्रियफला nrpapriyaphala, राजकुष्माण्ड rajakusmanda, रक्तवर्धन raktavardhana, सिंही simhi, वङ्गन vangana, वार्त्ताक varttaka, वातिगगम vatigagama, वृत्तफला vrttaphala • Santali: ᱵᱮᱸᱜᱟᱲ bengar • Sindhi: واڱَڻُ vaangarnu • Tai Aiton: মাক-খ্রো maak-khro • Tamil: அச்சத்தி accatti, காளினியம் kaliniyam, கத்தரி kattari, நமைக்காய் namai-k-kay, பண்டாகி pantaki, பிரு piru • Telugu: హింగుది hingudi, వంగ vanga, వంకాయ vankaaya, వార్తాకము vartakamu • Tulu: ಬದನೆ badane • Urdu: بينگن baingan, بنگ bang, بهنٿا bhanta, بهاٿا bhata


botanical names: Solanum melongena L. ... synonyms listed at POWO, retrieved 05 September 2024

Bibliography / etymology

Links listed as references in the notes below, may not remain valid permanently. Portals / websites have a tendency to re-organize / revise their content, leading to change in URLs of pages in their site. Some sites may even close down at their own will. The bits about the languages of India mentioned below are merely some bare facts gathered from the internet; just enough to satisfy curiosity about "where" could the listed names be best prevalent in India. All English transliterated names to be taken sensu amplo.

~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~

written and spoken widely, in most parts of India

aubergine, brinjal, eggplant

• Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia

~~~~~ ANGAMI ~~~~~

written in: Latin ... spoken in: Nagaland ... other names for this language: Gnamei, Ngami, Tsoghami, Tsugumi, Monr, Tsanglo, Tenyidie

pfhüdi

• Singh, Akoijam & Teron, Robindra. (2016). Diversity of food plants in Angami home gardens, Kohima District, Nagaland (India).

~~~~~ APATANI ~~~~~

written in: Roman ... spoken in: Arunachal Pradesh ... other names for this language: Apa Tani, Tanw

bengna

• Pascal Bouchery. Dictionary of the Apatani Language: Apatani-English Dictionary (with English-Apatani Index). 2016. hal-01423834

~~~~~ ARABIC ~~~~~

written in: Arabic (عَرَبِيّ) ... spoken in: various states of India ... Wikipedia

انب anab

• A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English by John T. Platts

~~~~~ ASSAMESE ~~~~~

written in: Assamese (অসমীয়া) ... spoken in: Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya

বাংঙনা bangna, বাৰ্ত্তাকু barttaku, বেঙেনা bengena, মাক্ খু mak khu

• XOBDO - A 'descriptive dictionary' of the languages of the North-East India, developed and maintained by community-collaboration

~~~~~ BENGALI ~~~~~

written in: Bengali (বাংলা) ... spoken in: West Bengal, Assam, Jharkhand, Tripura, Andaman & Nicobar Islands

বেগুন begun

• উইকিপিডিয়া - একটি মুক্ত বিশ্বকোষ ... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia

বার্তাকু bartaku

• উইকিঅভিধান - একটি মুক্ত অভিধান ... Wiktionary - The free dictionary

~~~~~ BHOJPURI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (भोजपुरी) ... spoken in: eastern Uttar Pradesh, western Bihar and northwestern Jharkhand

भंटा bhanta (or भाँटा bhanta), बैगन baigan

• विकिपीडिया - एगो मुक्त ज्ञानकोष ... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia

~~~~~ BODO ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari or Latin ... spoken in: Assam ... other names for this language: Boro

फान्थाव phanthav

• XOBDO - A 'descriptive dictionary' of the languages of the North-East India, developed and maintained by community-collaboration

~~~~~ DEORI ~~~~~

written in: Assamese (দেউৰী) ... spoken in: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam ... spoken by the Deori people (part of Bodo–Kachari people) ... other names for this language: Deuri

পাদুঁ padun

• XOBDO - A 'descriptive dictionary' of the languages of the North-East India, developed and maintained by community-collaboration

~~~~~ DIMASA ~~~~~

written in: Bengali-Assamese, Devanagari, Latin ... spoken in: Assam, Nagaland ... other names for this language: Hill Kachari

phanthao

• XOBDO - A 'descriptive dictionary' of the languages of the North-East India, developed and maintained by community-collaboration

~~~~~ GARO ~~~~~

written in: Roman, Bengali-Assamese, A-Chik Tok'birim ... spoken in: Meghalaya, Assam

baring

• XOBDO - A 'descriptive dictionary' of the languages of the North-East India, developed and maintained by community-collaboration

~~~~~ GUJARATI ~~~~~

written in: Gujarati (ગુજરાતી) ... spoken in: Gujarat, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu

વેંગણ vengan

• Wiktionary - the free dictionary

રીંગણ ringan

• વિકિપીડિયા - મુક્ત વિશ્વ જ્ઞાનકોશ ... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia
• or રીંગણી ringani ... વનસ્પતીઓ ના ગુજરાતી તથા બોટનીકલ નામ ની યાદી (વૈધ કે.જે.ઝાલા)

વંતાકડી vantakdi

• વનસ્પતીઓ ના ગુજરાતી તથા બોટનીકલ નામ ની યાદી (વૈધ કે.જે.ઝાલા)
• Gujarati Lexicon - the most comprehensive Gujarati language resource

~~~~~ HINDI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (हिन्दी) ... spoken in: Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand

बैंगन baingan, बंग bang, भण्टा bhanta, भाटा bhata

• A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English by John T. Platts

~~~~~ HMAR ~~~~~

written in: Roman (Hmar Hawrawp) ... spoken in: Mizoram, Manipur, Assam, Tripura, and Meghalaya

manta

• XOBDO - A 'descriptive dictionary' of the languages of the North-East India, developed and maintained by community-collaboration

~~~~~ KANNADA ~~~~~

written in: Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ) ... spoken in: Karnataka

ಬದನೆ badane

• Alar - an authoritative Kannada-English dictionary corpus created by V. Krishna
• ವಿಕಿಕೋಟ್ - ಒಂದು ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರ ವಿಶ್ವಕೋಶ ... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia

ಕಾಚಿ kaachi

• Alar - an authoritative Kannada-English dictionary corpus created by V. Krishna

~~~~~ KARBI ~~~~~

written in: Roman ... spoken in: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland ... other names for this language: Mikir or Arleng

hapek

• XOBDO - A 'descriptive dictionary' of the languages of the North-East India, developed and maintained by community-collaboration

~~~~~ KASHMIRI ~~~~~

written in: Koshur (Perso-Arabic كٲشُر), Devanagari (कश्मीरी), ... spoken in: Kashmir ... other names for this language: Koshur

बुंतकी buntaki

• A dictionary of the Kashmiri language by George Abraham Grierson

बाँगुन् wangun OR وانٛگُن wangun

• A dictionary of the Kashmiri language by George Abraham Grierson
• Wiktionary - The free dictionary

~~~~~ KHAMTI ~~~~~

written in: Lik-Tai [Khamti variation of Burmese (တဲး)ၵမ်းတီႈ / (တဲး)ၵံးတီႈ] ... spoken by: Tai-Khampti people in Arunachal Pradesh, Assam ... other names for this language: Khampti

bengena, makhw

• Hazarika, Prosanta & Handique, Clerissa & Hazarika, Protul. (2021). International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences Documentation of Edible Plants in Homesteads of Khampti Tribe, Namsai District, Arunachal Pradesh, India. 7-2021. 10.22192/ijarbs.2021.08.07.008.

~~~~~ KONKANI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (कोंकणी), Kannada (ಕೊಂಕಣಿ), Malayalam (കൊങ്കണി), Perso-Arabic (کونکنی), Romi (Konknni) ... spoken in: Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala, Gujarat

वैंगण vaingan

• Online GSB Konkani Dictionary - Save My Language

ವಾಯಿಂಗಣ vayingana

• Five Hundred Indian Plants by Messrs. C. Stolz and G. Plebst, Basel Mission, Mangalore

~~~~~ MALAYALAM ~~~~~

written in: Malayalam (മലയാളം) ... spoken in: Kerala, Lakshadweep

വഴുതിന vazhuthina

• A Malayalam and English dictionary by Hermann Gundert
• Five Hundred Indian Plants by Messrs. C. Stolz and G. Plebst, Basel Mission, Mangalore
• Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka - Shodhganga
• or വഴുതന vazhuthana ... വിക്കിപീഡിയ - സ്വതന്ത്രസർവ്വവിജ്ഞാനകോശം ... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia

~~~~~ MANIPURI ~~~~~

written in: Meiteilon (ꯃꯩꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ), Bengali-Assamese ... spoken in: Manipur ... other names for this language: Meetei

ꯈꯥꯃꯦꯟ khamen

• Flowers of India, retrieved September 05, 2024
• XOBDO - A 'descriptive dictionary' of the languages of the North-East India, developed and maintained by community-collaboration

~~~~~ MARATHI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (मराठी) ... spoken in: Maharashtra, Karnataka

वांगी vangi

• A dictionary, Marathi and English by Molesworth, J. T. (James Thomas)
• or वांगे vange ... विकिपीडिया - मुक्त ज्ञानकोश ... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia

~~~~~ MISHING ~~~~~

written in: Assamese, Devanagari, Latin ... spoken in: Assam, Arunachal Pradesh ... other names for this language: Mising, Plains Miri

bahyom

• XOBDO - A 'descriptive dictionary' of the languages of the North-East India, developed and maintained by community-collaboration

~~~~~ MIZO ~~~~~

written in: Latin, Bengali-Assamese ... spoken in: Mizoram ... other names for this language: Lushai, Duhlian

bawk-bâwn

• Dictionary of the Lushai language by James Herbert Lorrain

~~~~~ NAGAMESE ~~~~~

written in: Roman ... spoken in: Nagaland ... the Naga languages are a geographic and ethnic grouping of languages, spoken mostly by Naga peoples

bengena, pengena

• XOBDO - A 'descriptive dictionary' of the languages of the North-East India, developed and maintained by community-collaboration

~~~~~ NEPALI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (नेपाली) ... spoken in: Nepal, West Bengal, Assam, Sikkim

बैगुन baigun

• Wiktionary - The free dictionary

भण्टा bhantaa

• Jyoti Pathak's blog - Taste of Nepal - List of most common vegetables in Nepal
• or भान्टा bhaantaa or भेन्टा bhentaa ... विकिपीडिया - एक स्वतन्त्र विश्वकोश ... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia

~~~~~ ODIA ~~~~~

written in: Odia (ଓଡ଼ିଆ) ... spoken in: Odisha, Andaman & Nicobar Islands

ବାଇଗଣ baigana (or ବାଇଙ୍ଗଣ baingana)

• Purnnachandra Ordia Bhashakosha by Praharaj, G.C.
• ଉଇକିପିଡ଼ିଆ - ଏକ ଖୋଲା ଜ୍ଞାନକୋଷ ... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia

~~~~~ PALI ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (पालि) ... used by priests and scholars, the sacred language of Theravada Buddhism

वाटिङ्गण vatingana

• The Pali Text Society - Pali-English Dictionary

~~~~~ PERSIAN ~~~~~

written in: Farsi (فارسی) ... almost a defunct language; spoken in: West Bengal, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Bihar

بادنجان badanjan

• A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English by John T. Platts

~~~~~ PUNJABI ~~~~~

written in: Gurmukhi (ਪੰਜਾਬੀ) ... spoken in: Punjab

ਬੈਂਗਣ baingan (or ਬੈਂਗੱਣ bainggan), ਬਤਾਊਂ bataun (or ਵਤਾਊਂ wataun)

• The Panjabi dictionary. Bhai Maya Singh
• ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ - ਇੱਕ ਆਜ਼ਾਦ ਵਿਸ਼ਵਕੋਸ਼ ... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia

~~~~~ SANSKRIT ~~~~~

written in: Devanagari (संस्कृतम्) ... used all over India by priests and scholars

भण्टाकी bhantaki, हिण्डीर hindira, हिङ्गुदी hingudi, हिङ्गुली hinguli, कण्टपत्त्रिका kantapattrika, कटालु katalu, महाबृहति mahabrhati, मांसलफला mamsalaphala, नटपत्त्रिका natapattrika, निद्रालु nidralu, नीलवृषा nilavrsa, नृपप्रियफला nrpapriyaphala, राजकुष्माण्ड rajakusmanda, रक्तवर्धन raktavardhana, सिंही simhi, वङ्गन vangana, वार्त्ताक varttaka, वातिगगम vatigagama, वृत्तफला vrttaphala

• Learn Sanskrit - पठत संस्कृतम् - शब्दकोशः

मिश्रवर्णफला misravarnaphala

• ॥ विकिशब्दकोशः॥ स्वतन्त्रः संस्कृतशब्दकोशः

~~~~~ SANTALI ~~~~~

written in: Ol Chiki (ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ), Bengali (সাঁওতালী), Odia (ସାନ୍ତାଳୀ), Devanagari (सान्ताली), Roman ... spoken in: Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha

ᱵᱮᱸᱜᱟᱲ bengar

• ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ - ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱲᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia
• or ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱲ bengar or ᱦᱮᱱᱫᱮ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱲ hende bengar ... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia
• XOBDO - A 'descriptive dictionary' of the languages of the North-East India, developed and maintained by community-collaboration

~~~~~ SINDHI ~~~~~

written in: Perso-Arabic (سِنڌِي), Gujarati (સિંધી), Devanagari (सिन्धी) ... spoken in: Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan

واڱَڻُ vaangarnu

• A Sindhi-English dictionary by Parmanand Mewaram

~~~~~ TAI AITON ~~~~~

written in: Burmese (Aiton variation, called Lik-Tai), Assamese ... spoken in: Assam ... Tai family of languages spoken in nort-east India: Tai Ahom, Tai Phake, Tai Aiton, Tai Turung, Tai Khamyang and Tai Khamti

মাক-খ্রো maak-khro

• XOBDO - A 'descriptive dictionary' of the languages of the North-East India, developed and maintained by community-collaboration

~~~~~ TAMIL ~~~~~

written in: Tamil (தமிழ்) ... spoken in: Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Andaman & Nicobar Islands

அச்சத்தி accatti, காளினியம் kaliniyam, நமைக்காய் namai-k-kay, பண்டாகி pantaki, பிரு piru

• for brinjal ... Tamil lexicon [Madras], University of Madras

கத்தரி kattari

• Tamil lexicon [Madras], University of Madras
• விக்கிப்பீடியா - கட்டற்ற கலைக் களஞ்சியம்... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia

~~~~~ TELUGU ~~~~~

written in: Telugu ( తెలుగు) ... spoken in: Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Puducherry

హింగుది hingudi (or హింగుదము hingudamu, or హింగుళి hinguli, or ఇంగుది ingudi), వంగ vanga, వార్తాకము vartakamu

• Flora Andhrika - Plant Wealth of Andhra Pradesh, India
• A Telugu-English dictionary by Charles Philip Brown

వంకాయ vankaaya

• Flora Andhrika - Plant Wealth of Andhra Pradesh, India
• A Telugu-English dictionary by Charles Philip Brown
• వికీపీడియా - స్వేచ్ఛా విజ్ఞాన సర్వస్వమ ... Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia

~~~~~ TULU ~~~~~

written in: Tigalari (Tulu) was used for writing Vedic texts in Sanskrit, Kannada (ತುಳು), Malayalam (തുളു) ... spoken in: Karnataka, north Kerala

ಬದನೆ badane

• Subrahmanya, Prasad K - Exploration and elucidation of traditional medicinal plants of erstwhile Tulunadu and surrounding area of Kerala and Karnataka - Shodhganga

~~~~~ URDU ~~~~~

written in: Urdu (اردو) ... spoken in: Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Bihar, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka

بينگن baingan, بنگ bang, بهنٿا bhanta, بهاٿا bhata

• A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English by John T. Platts

~~~~~ DISTRIBUTION in INDIA ~~~~~

cultivated only

• Hassler, Michael (1994 - 2024): World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. Version 24.8; last update August 27th, 2024. Last accessed 05/09/2024 (dd/mm/yyyy).

~~~~~ Created on: 10:09 05-09-2024 ¦ Last updated: 18:21 06-09-2024 ~~~~~

Solanaceae perennial annual cultivated "cash crop" herb "Solanum melongena" "aubergine" "brinjal" "egg apple" "eggplant" "garden egg" "guinea squash" "jew's apple" "mad apple" "pea apple"